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The Juyce or distilled Water therof being drunk, and the bruised Leavs laid to the place, being taken either in meat or drink, it is held good to provoke Urin, to expel the Stone in the Kidnies, to send down Womens Courses, and to help the Plurisie and prickings of the Sides.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ Chervil.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5462, "lineEnd": 5472 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Garden Chervil", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Garden Chervil", "start": 4, "end": 18, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Garden Chervil", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "moderately warm the Stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted Bloud in the Body, or that which is clotted by bruises, fals", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Garden Chervil being eaten, doth moderately warm the Stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted Bloud in the Body, or that which is clotted by bruises, fals", "start": 0, "end": 198, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Garden Chervil", "start": 4, "end": 18, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "moderately warm the Stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted Bloud in the Body, or that which is clotted by bruises, fals", "start": 37, "end": 198, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "being eaten", "start": 19, "end": 30, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being eaten", "start": 19, "end": 30, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:chervil:009#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:chervil:009", "text": "The Garden Chervil being eaten, doth moderately warm the Stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted Bloud in the Body, or that which is clotted by bruises, fals, &c. 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The Decoction being made into red Wine and drunk, or the Pouder taken therin; it also helpeth the Bloody Flux, and easeth the torments that come therby, stayeth the immoderate Courses of Women, and is also good for inward or outward Wounds, Hurts, and Bruises, and helpeth Children both of Burstings and the Worms; and the Diseas called Tenasmus, which is an often provocation to the Stool, and doing nothing, being either drunk or injected: The green Leavs bruised and laid to any green Wound staieth the bleeding, and healeth it up quickly: The Decoction or Juyce therof doth the same, and helpeth all old and filthy Ulcers quickly: The juyce of the Herb taken in Wine and Milk is (as Pliny saith) a Sovereign remedy against the Mumps and Quinsie; and further saith, That whosoever shal so take it, shal never be troubled with that Diseas again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Cudweed, or Cottonweed.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 6334, "lineEnd": 6358 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Cudweed", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Cudweed", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Cudweed", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "expression", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "helpeth all old and filthy Ulcers quickly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Decoction or Juyce therof doth the same, and helpeth all old and filthy Ulcers quickly", "start": 701, "end": 791, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Cudweed", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "helpeth all old and filthy Ulcers quickly", "start": 750, "end": 791, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Juyce therof", "start": 718, "end": 730, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "Juyce therof", "start": 718, "end": 730, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "Juyce therof", "start": 718, "end": 730, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:cudweed-or-cottonweed:009#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:cudweed-or-cottonweed:009", "text": "The Plants are all astringent, or binding and drying, and therfore profitable for Deflnxions of Rhewm from the Head, and to stay Fluxes, of Blood whersoever. The Decoction being made into red Wine and drunk, or the Pouder taken therin; it also helpeth the Bloody Flux, and easeth the torments that come therby, stayeth the immoderate Courses of Women, and is also good for inward or outward Wounds, Hurts, and Bruises, and helpeth Children both of Burstings and the Worms; and the Diseas called Tenasmus, which is an often provocation to the Stool, and doing nothing, being either drunk or injected: The green Leavs bruised and laid to any green Wound staieth the bleeding, and healeth it up quickly: The Decoction or Juyce therof doth the same, and helpeth all old and filthy Ulcers quickly: The juyce of the Herb taken in Wine and Milk is (as Pliny saith) a Sovereign remedy against the Mumps and Quinsie; and further saith, That whosoever shal so take it, shal never be troubled with that Diseas again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Cudweed, or Cottonweed.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 6334, "lineEnd": 6358 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Cudweed", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Cudweed", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Cudweed", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine", "other" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "expression", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "the Mumps and Quinsie", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juyce of the Herb taken in Wine and Milk is (as Pliny saith) a Sovereign remedy against the Mumps and Quinsie", "start": 793, "end": 906, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Cudweed", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Mumps and Quinsie", "start": 885, "end": 906, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juyce of the Herb", "start": 793, "end": 814, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "taken in Wine and Milk", "start": 815, "end": 837, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juyce of the Herb", "start": 793, "end": 814, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The juyce of the Herb", "start": 793, "end": 814, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken in Wine and Milk", "start": 815, "end": 837, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008", "text": "It is very effectual to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also, and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder, or a Decoction of them in white Wine, whereunto a little Honey is added: The same also helpeth to expel the Afterbirth. The Roots made into Pouder and mixed with Honey into the form of an Electuary doth much help them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm, or any other parts thereabouts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Filipendula, or Dropwort. ♀", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 8315, "lineEnd": 8335 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is very effectual to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also, and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder", "start": 0, "end": 258, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also", "start": 21, "end": 208, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "taking the Roots in Pouder", "start": 232, "end": 258, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Roots in Pouder", "start": 239, "end": 258, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Roots in Pouder", "start": 239, "end": 258, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008", "text": "It is very effectual to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also, and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder, or a Decoction of them in white Wine, whereunto a little Honey is added: The same also helpeth to expel the Afterbirth. The Roots made into Pouder and mixed with Honey into the form of an Electuary doth much help them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm, or any other parts thereabouts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Filipendula, or Dropwort. ♀", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 8315, "lineEnd": 8335 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine", "honey" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is very effectual to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also, and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder, or a Decoction of them in white Wine, whereunto a little Honey is added", "start": 0, "end": 331, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also", "start": 21, "end": 208, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "taking the Roots in Pouder, or a Decoction of them", "start": 232, "end": 282, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "a Decoction of them in white Wine", "start": 263, "end": 296, "inHeading": false }, { "quote": "a little Honey is added", "start": 308, "end": 331, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "a Decoction of them", "start": 263, "end": 282, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "a Decoction of them in white Wine", "start": 263, "end": 296, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:filipendula-or-dropwort:008", "text": "It is very effectual to open the passages of the Urine, and help the Strangury, and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins, helping mightily to expel the Stone in the Kidnies or Bladder, and the Gravel also, and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder, or a Decoction of them in white Wine, whereunto a little Honey is added: The same also helpeth to expel the Afterbirth. The Roots made into Pouder and mixed with Honey into the form of an Electuary doth much help them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm, or any other parts thereabouts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Filipendula, or Dropwort. ♀", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 8315, "lineEnd": 8335 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Filipendula", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Roots made into Pouder and mixed with Honey into the form of an Electuary doth much help them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm", "start": 380, "end": 729, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Filipendula", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "them whose Stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof, and is also very effectual for all diseases of the Lungs, as shortness of breath, wheesings, hoarsness of the Throat, and the Cough, and to expectorate cold Flegm", "start": 473, "end": 729, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Roots made into Pouder", "start": 380, "end": 406, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "mixed with Honey", "start": 411, "end": 427, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Roots made into Pouder", "start": 380, "end": 406, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "into the form of an Electuary", "start": 428, "end": 457, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the form of an Electuary", "start": 433, "end": 457, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008", "text": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice, and almost their Spirits also. The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath. The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters. The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom: It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hedg-Mustard.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13261, "lineEnd": 13281 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice", "start": 0, "end": 202, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice", "start": 23, "end": 83, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Decoction therof", "start": 103, "end": 123, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Decoction therof", "start": 103, "end": 123, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008", "text": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice, and almost their Spirits also. The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath. The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters. The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom: It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hedg-Mustard.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13261, "lineEnd": 13281 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath", "start": 235, "end": 413, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath", "start": 362, "end": 413, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce threof", "start": 235, "end": 251, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "with Honey or Sugar", "start": 291, "end": 310, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "made into a Syrup", "start": 252, "end": 269, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "licking Medicine", "start": 274, "end": 290, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008", "text": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice, and almost their Spirits also. The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath. The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters. The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom: It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hedg-Mustard.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13261, "lineEnd": 13281 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters", "start": 415, "end": 594, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick", "start": 463, "end": 565, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "used in Clysters", "start": 578, "end": 594, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008", "text": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice, and almost their Spirits also. The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath. The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters. The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom: It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hedg-Mustard.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13261, "lineEnd": 13281 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "Poyson and Venom", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom", "start": 596, "end": 660, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Poyson and Venom", "start": 644, "end": 660, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Seed", "start": 596, "end": 604, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hedg-mustard:008", "text": "It is singular good in all the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs, hoarceness ef voice, and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space, those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voice, and almost their Spirits also. The Juyce threof made into a Syrup, or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose, and for all other Coughs, Weesings, and shortness of Breath. The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice, the Pluresie, pains in the Back and Loyns, and for torments in the Belly or the Chollick, being also used in Clysters. The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom: It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hedg-Mustard.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13261, "lineEnd": 13281 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hedg-Mustard", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is singular good for the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts", "start": 662, "end": 870, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hedg-Mustard", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Sciatica, the Gout, and all Joyntaches, Sores and Cankers in the Mouth, Throat, or behind the Ears; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles, or of Womens Breasts", "start": 686, "end": 870, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:loos-strife-with-spiked-heads-of-flowers:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:loos-strife-with-spiked-heads-of-flowers:009", "text": "The distilled water is a present remedy for hurts and blows on the eyes and for blindness, so as the Christaline humor be not perished or hurt; and this hath been sufficiently proved true by the experience of a man of judgment, who kept it long to himself as a great sccret. It also cleareth the Eyes of dust or any other thing gotten into them, and preserveth the Sight: It is also very much available against Wounds and Thrusts, being made into an Oyntment on this manner; To every ounce of the Water, ad two drams of May Butter without Salt, and of Sugar and Wax of each as much also, let them boyl gently all together: Let Tents be dipped in the Liquor that remaineth after it is cold, and put into the Wounds, and the place covered with a Linnen cloth doubled and anointed with the Oyntment, and this is also an approved Medicine. It likewise clenseth and healeth all foul Ulcers and Sores wheresoever, and staieth their Inflamations by washing them with the Water, and laying on them a green Leaf or two in the Summer, or dry Leaves in the Winter. This Water gargled warm in the Mouth, and somtimes drunk also doth cure the Quinsie, or Kings Evil in the Throat. 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It is used outwardly to cool any heat or Inflamation upon any Hurt or Wound, and easeth the pains of them: as also to heal Scaldings or Burnings: The Juyce thereof beaten with some green Sallet Oyl, and anointed: The Leaf also bruised and laid to any green Wound in the Hands or Legs, doth heal them quickly; and being bound to the Throat, much helpeth the Quinsie, It helpeth also Ruptures and Burstiness.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Orpine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13741, "lineEnd": 13762 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Orpine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Orpine", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Orpine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "gnawings, or excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels, and for Ulcers in the Lungs, Liver, or other inward parts, as also in the Matrix", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the distilled water thereof is profitable for gnawings, or excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels, and for Ulcers in the Lungs, Liver, or other inward parts, as also in the Matrix, and helpeth all those Diseases, being drunk for certain daies together", "start": 105, "end": 355, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Orpine", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "gnawings, or excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels, and for Ulcers in the Lungs, Liver, or other inward parts, as also in the Matrix", "start": 151, "end": 283, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "the distilled water thereof", "start": 105, "end": 132, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the distilled water thereof", "start": 105, "end": 132, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the distilled water thereof", "start": 105, "end": 132, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being drunk", "start": 317, "end": 328, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:orpine:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:orpine:008", "text": "Orpine is seldom used in inward Medicines with us, although Tragus saith from experience in Germany that the distilled water thereof is profitable for gnawings, or excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels, and for Ulcers in the Lungs, Liver, or other inward parts, as also in the Matrix, and helpeth all those Diseases, being drunk for certain daies together: And that it stayeth the sharpness of Humors in the Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes in the Body, or in Wounds: The Root, thereof also performeth the same effect. 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The said Juyce made into a Liniment with Ceruss and Oyl of Roses and anointed therewith, clenseth foul rotten Ulcers, and stayeth spreading or creeping Ulcers, and the running Scabs or Sores in Childrens Heads: and helpeth to stay falling of the Hair from off the Head. The said Oyntment, or the Herb applied to the Fundament openeth the Piles and easeth their pains; and being mixed with Goats Tallow, helpeth the Gout. The Juyce is very effectual to clens Fistulaes, and to heal them up safely; or the Herb it self bruised, and applied with a little Salt. It is likewise so effectual to heal any green Wound, that if it be bruised and bound thereto for three daies, you shall need no other Medicine to heal it further. 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It helpeth to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins, being boyled in Wine or Water, and drunk: The same also is no less powerful to help any Ruptures or Burstings, used both inwardly and outwardly, and briefly it is effectual in binding; restraining, consolidating, heating, drying, and healing; as Comfry, Bugle, Self-heal, or any other of the Consounds, or Vulnerary Herbs whatsoever.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Sanicle.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 17351, "lineEnd": 17378 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water", "honey" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat, and to heal up all the putrid Malignant Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and Privities", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "For there is not found any Herb that can give such present help either to Man or Beast when the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat, and to heal up all the putrid Malignant Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and Privities, by gargling or washing with the Decoction of the Leavs and Root, made in Water, and a little Honey put thereto", "start": 331, "end": 663, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat, and to heal up all the putrid Malignant Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and Privities", "start": 423, "end": 551, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Leavs and Root", "start": 598, "end": 616, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "made in Water", "start": 618, "end": 631, "inHeading": false }, { "quote": "a little Honey put thereto", "start": 637, "end": 663, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Decoction of the Leavs and Root", "start": 581, "end": 616, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Decoction of the Leavs and Root", "start": 581, "end": 616, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "washing with the Decoction", "start": 568, "end": 594, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sanicle:008#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sanicle:008", "text": "It is exceeding good to heal all green Wounds speedily, or any Ulcers, Impostumes, or bleedings inwardly: It doth wonderfully help those that have any Tumors in any part of their Bodies, for it represseth and dissipateth the Humors, if the Decoction or Juyce thereof be taken, or the Pouder in drink, and the Juyce used outwardly; For there is not found any Herb that can give such present help either to Man or Beast when the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat, and to heal up all the putrid Malignant Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and Privities, by gargling or washing with the Decoction of the Leavs and Root, made in Water, and a little Honey put thereto. It helpeth to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins, being boyled in Wine or Water, and drunk: The same also is no less powerful to help any Ruptures or Burstings, used both inwardly and outwardly, and briefly it is effectual in binding; restraining, consolidating, heating, drying, and healing; as Comfry, Bugle, Self-heal, or any other of the Consounds, or Vulnerary Herbs whatsoever.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Sanicle.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 17351, "lineEnd": 17378 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine", "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It helpeth to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins, being boyled in Wine or Water, and drunk", "start": 665, "end": 939, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins", "start": 676, "end": 897, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "being boyled in Wine or Water", "start": 899, "end": 928, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being boyled", "start": 899, "end": 911, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boyled in Wine or Water", "start": 905, "end": 928, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "and drunk", "start": 930, "end": 939, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sanicle:008#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sanicle:008", "text": "It is exceeding good to heal all green Wounds speedily, or any Ulcers, Impostumes, or bleedings inwardly: It doth wonderfully help those that have any Tumors in any part of their Bodies, for it represseth and dissipateth the Humors, if the Decoction or Juyce thereof be taken, or the Pouder in drink, and the Juyce used outwardly; For there is not found any Herb that can give such present help either to Man or Beast when the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat, and to heal up all the putrid Malignant Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and Privities, by gargling or washing with the Decoction of the Leavs and Root, made in Water, and a little Honey put thereto. It helpeth to stay Womens Courses, and all other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth, Urine or Stool, and Lasks of the Belly, the Ulceration of the Kidneys also, and the pains in the Bowels, and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins, being boyled in Wine or Water, and drunk: The same also is no less powerful to help any Ruptures or Burstings, used both inwardly and outwardly, and briefly it is effectual in binding; restraining, consolidating, heating, drying, and healing; as Comfry, Bugle, Self-heal, or any other of the Consounds, or Vulnerary Herbs whatsoever.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Sanicle.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 17351, "lineEnd": 17378 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Sanicle", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "any Ruptures or Burstings", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The same also is no less powerful to help any Ruptures or Burstings, used both inwardly and outwardly", "start": 941, "end": 1042, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Sanicle", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "any Ruptures or Burstings", "start": 983, "end": 1008, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sorrel:003#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sorrel:003", "text": "Sorrel is prevalent in all hot Diseases, to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick, or other sicknesses and sainting, rising from heat, and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues, to quench Thirst, and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayd Stomachs: for it resisteth the putrefaction of the Blood, killeth Worms, and is as a Cordial to the heart which the Seed doth more effectually being more drying and binding, and thereby stayeth the hot Fluxes of Womens Courses, or of Humors in the Bloody Flux, or Flux of the Stomach. The Roots also in a Decoction, or in Pouder, is effectual for all the said purposes. Both Roots and Seed as well as the Herb is held powerful to resist the poyson of the Scorpion. The Decoction of the Roots is taken to help the Jaundice, and to expel Gravel and the Stone in the Reins or Kidneys. The Decoction of the Flowers made with Wine and drunk helpeth the black Jaundice, as also the inward Ulcers of the Body or Bowels. A Syrup made with the Juyce of Sorrel and Fumitary is a Soveraign help to kill those sharp Humors that cause the Itch. The Juyce thereof with a little Vinegar serveth well to be used outwardly for the same cause, and is also profitable for Tetters, Ringworms &c. It helpeth also to discuss the Kernels in the Throat, and the Juyce gargled in the Mouth helpeth the Sores therein. The Leaves wrapped up in a Colewoort Leaf, and roasted under the Embers, and applied to a hard Impostume, Botch, Boyl, or Plague Sore, both ripeneth and breaketh it. The Distilled water of the Herb is of much good use for all the purposes aforesaid.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Sorrel.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 18124, "lineEnd": 18162 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sorrel", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sorrel", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Sorrel", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all hot Diseases, to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick, or other sicknesses and sainting, rising from heat, and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues, to quench Thirst, and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayd Stomachs", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Sorrel is prevalent in all hot Diseases, to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick, or other sicknesses and sainting, rising from heat, and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues, to quench Thirst, and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayd Stomachs", "start": 0, "end": 334, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Sorrel", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all hot Diseases, to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick, or other sicknesses and sainting, rising from heat, and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues, to quench Thirst, and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayd Stomachs", "start": 23, "end": 334, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sorrel:003#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:sorrel:003", "text": "Sorrel is prevalent in all hot Diseases, to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick, or other sicknesses and sainting, rising from heat, and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues, to quench Thirst, and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayd Stomachs: for it resisteth the putrefaction of the Blood, killeth Worms, and is as a Cordial to the heart which the Seed doth more effectually being more drying and binding, and thereby stayeth the hot Fluxes of Womens Courses, or of Humors in the Bloody Flux, or Flux of the Stomach. The Roots also in a Decoction, or in Pouder, is effectual for all the said purposes. Both Roots and Seed as well as the Herb is held powerful to resist the poyson of the Scorpion. The Decoction of the Roots is taken to help the Jaundice, and to expel Gravel and the Stone in the Reins or Kidneys. The Decoction of the Flowers made with Wine and drunk helpeth the black Jaundice, as also the inward Ulcers of the Body or Bowels. A Syrup made with the Juyce of Sorrel and Fumitary is a Soveraign help to kill those sharp Humors that cause the Itch. The Juyce thereof with a little Vinegar serveth well to be used outwardly for the same cause, and is also profitable for Tetters, Ringworms &c. It helpeth also to discuss the Kernels in the Throat, and the Juyce gargled in the Mouth helpeth the Sores therein. The Leaves wrapped up in a Colewoort Leaf, and roasted under the Embers, and applied to a hard Impostume, Botch, Boyl, or Plague Sore, both ripeneth and breaketh it. 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The Roots also in a Decoction, or in Pouder, is effectual for all the said purposes. Both Roots and Seed as well as the Herb is held powerful to resist the poyson of the Scorpion. The Decoction of the Roots is taken to help the Jaundice, and to expel Gravel and the Stone in the Reins or Kidneys. The Decoction of the Flowers made with Wine and drunk helpeth the black Jaundice, as also the inward Ulcers of the Body or Bowels. A Syrup made with the Juyce of Sorrel and Fumitary is a Soveraign help to kill those sharp Humors that cause the Itch. The Juyce thereof with a little Vinegar serveth well to be used outwardly for the same cause, and is also profitable for Tetters, Ringworms &c. It helpeth also to discuss the Kernels in the Throat, and the Juyce gargled in the Mouth helpeth the Sores therein. The Leaves wrapped up in a Colewoort Leaf, and roasted under the Embers, and applied to a hard Impostume, Botch, Boyl, or Plague Sore, both ripeneth and breaketh it. 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The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. 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The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ The Butter-Bur.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4437, "lineEnd": 4456 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Zedoàry", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Zedoàry", "start": 247, "end": 254, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Angelica", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Angelica", "start": 259, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the rising of the Mother", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother", "start": 220, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the rising of the Mother", "start": 292, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Root hereof", "start": 220, "end": 235, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006", "text": "The Roots hereof are by long experience found to be very available against the Plague and Pestilential Feavers, by provoking Sweat, if the Pouder therof be taken in Wine, it also resisteth the force of any other Poyson. The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ The Butter-Bur.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4437, "lineEnd": 4456 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the rising of the Mother", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother", "start": 220, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the rising of the Mother", "start": 292, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Root hereof", "start": 220, "end": 235, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006", "text": "The Roots hereof are by long experience found to be very available against the Plague and Pestilential Feavers, by provoking Sweat, if the Pouder therof be taken in Wine, it also resisteth the force of any other Poyson. The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ The Butter-Bur.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4437, "lineEnd": 4456 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "those that wheeze much, or are short-winded", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded", "start": 318, "end": 416, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that wheeze much, or are short-winded", "start": 373, "end": 416, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Root", "start": 318, "end": 343, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in Wine", "start": 162, "end": 169, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Root", "start": 318, "end": 343, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Root in Wine", "start": 318, "end": 351, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006", "text": "The Roots hereof are by long experience found to be very available against the Plague and Pestilential Feavers, by provoking Sweat, if the Pouder therof be taken in Wine, it also resisteth the force of any other Poyson. The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ The Butter-Bur.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4437, "lineEnd": 4456 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly", "start": 418, "end": 510, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly", "start": 421, "end": 510, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-butter-bur:006", "text": "The Roots hereof are by long experience found to be very available against the Plague and Pestilential Feavers, by provoking Sweat, if the Pouder therof be taken in Wine, it also resisteth the force of any other Poyson. The Root hereof taken with Zedoàry and Angelica, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother: The Decoction of the Root in Wine is singular good for those that wheeze much, or are short-winded. It provoketh Urin also and Womens courses, and killeth the flat and broad Worms in the Belly. The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ The Butter-Bur.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4437, "lineEnd": 4456 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Butter-Bur", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin", "start": 512, "end": 667, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Butter-Bur", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin", "start": 557, "end": 667, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Root", "start": 512, "end": 534, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Root", "start": 512, "end": 534, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Root", "start": 512, "end": 534, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005", "text": "The Mulberry is of different parts; the ripe Berries by reason of their Sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the Belly, and the unripe binding it, especially when they are dried, and then they are good to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses. The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the full and bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "The Mulberry-Tree.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 12989, "lineEnd": 13022 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "fruit", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "fruit", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "opening the Belly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the ripe Berries by reason of their Sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the Belly", "start": 36, "end": 122, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "opening the Belly", "start": 105, "end": 122, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the ripe Berries", "start": 36, "end": 52, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005", "text": "The Mulberry is of different parts; the ripe Berries by reason of their Sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the Belly, and the unripe binding it, especially when they are dried, and then they are good to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses. The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the full and bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "The Mulberry-Tree.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 12989, "lineEnd": 13022 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "fruit", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "fruit", "freshOrDried": "dried", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "freshOrDried": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the unripe binding it, especially when they are dried, and then they are good to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses", "start": 128, "end": 264, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses", "start": 206, "end": 264, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the ripe Berries", "start": 36, "end": 52, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "when they are dried", "start": 162, "end": 181, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005", "text": "The Mulberry is of different parts; the ripe Berries by reason of their Sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the Belly, and the unripe binding it, especially when they are dried, and then they are good to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses. The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the full and bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "The Mulberry-Tree.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 12989, "lineEnd": 13022 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "bark", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "bark", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "killeth the broad Worms in the Body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body", "start": 266, "end": 322, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "killeth the broad Worms in the Body", "start": 287, "end": 322, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Bark of the Root", "start": 266, "end": 286, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-mulberry-tree:005", "text": "The Mulberry is of different parts; the ripe Berries by reason of their Sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the Belly, and the unripe binding it, especially when they are dried, and then they are good to stay Fluxes, Lasks, and the abundance of Womens Courses. 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The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. 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The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. 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The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body. The Juyce, or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries, helpeth all Inflamations and Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Pallet of the Mouth when it is fallen down. The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents, and for those that have taken Aconite: The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs, is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach. If the Root be a little slit or cut, and a smal hole made in the ground next thereunto, in the Harvest time, it will give out a certain Juyce, which being hardned, the next day is of good use to help the Toothach, to dissolve Knots, and purge the Belly: The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose, or the Bleeding of the Piles, or of a Wound being bound unto the places. A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the full and bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "The Mulberry-Tree.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 12989, "lineEnd": 13022 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "stem", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mulberry", "part": "stem", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the full and bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space", "start": 1168, "end": 1327, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mulberry", "start": 4, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a Womans Arm whose Courses come down too much doth stay them", "start": 1250, "end": 1310, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "A Branch of the Tree", "start": 1168, "end": 1188, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "bound to the Wrist", "start": 1228, "end": 1246, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "bound to the Wrist", "start": 1228, "end": 1246, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "bound to the Wrist of a Womans Arm", "start": 1228, "end": 1262, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-sea-colewort:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-sea-colewort:008", "text": "The Broth or first Decoction of the Sea Colewort doth by the sharp nitrous and bitter qualities therin, open the Belly and purge the Body, it clenseth and digesteth more powerfully than the other kind: The Seed herof bruised and drunk, killeth Worms. 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However, if any Bees be diseased thereby, the cure is to set Urine by them, but set it in such a Vessel that they cannot drown themselves, which may be remedied if you put pieces of Cork in it. I told you before the Herb was drying and binding, and so drying and binding that it is not fit to be given inwardly. 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Of Briony both white and black: they are both hot and dry, some say in the third degree, and some say but in the first; they purge flegm and watery humours, but they trouble the stomach much, they are very good for dropsies; the white is most in use, and is good for the fits of the mother: both of them externally used, take away freckles, sunburning, and morphew from the face, and cleanse filthy ulcers: It is but a churlish purge, but being let alone, can do no harm.", "location": { "part": "dispensatory", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ROOTS.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 15364, "lineEnd": 15370 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Briony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Briony", "start": 15, "end": 21, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Briony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "purge flegm and watery humours, but they trouble the stomach much, they are very good for dropsies", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Of Briony both white and black: they are both hot and dry, some say in the third degree, and some say but in the first; they purge flegm and watery humours, but they trouble the stomach much, they are very good for dropsies", "start": 12, "end": 235, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Briony", "start": 15, "end": 21, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "purge flegm and watery humours, but they trouble the stomach much, they are very good for dropsies", "start": 137, "end": 235, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition, which includes later editorial additions; this part has no 1652 counterpart.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s006-roots:025#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s006-roots:025", "text": "Brionæ, &c. 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Centaury the greater and less. They say the greater will do wonders in curing wounds: see the root. The less is a present remedy for the yellow jaundice, opens stoppings of the liver, gall, and spleen: purges choler, helps gout, clears the sight, purgeth the stomach, helps the dropsy and green sickness. 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Fleabane; hot and dry in the third degree, helps the biting of venomous beasts, wounds and swellings, the yellow jaundice, the falling sickness, and such as cannot make water; being burnt, the smoak of it kills all the gnats and fleas in the chamber; it is dangerous for pregnant women.", "location": { "part": "dispensatory", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HERBS AND THEIR LEAVES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 17171, "lineEnd": 17175 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Fleabane", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Fleabane", "start": 11, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Fleabane", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the biting of venomous beasts, wounds and swellings, the yellow jaundice, the falling sickness, and such as cannot make water", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fleabane; 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Aposthumes, coughs, pestilences, and straitness of the breast.", "location": { "part": "dispensatory", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "SIMPLE DISTILLED WATERS.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 20228, "lineEnd": 20229 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Scabious", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Scabious", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Scabious", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "pleurises and pains, and pricking in the sides; Aposthumes, coughs, pestilences, and straitness of the breast", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Scabious water helps pleurises and pains, and pricking in the sides; 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There is also another kind of it, of a wilder nature, and possessed of a powerful smell, the other one being milder. It has leaves the shape of a quince, but white and smaller: they are generally boiled with the branches. This plant acts as an emmenagogue and a diuretic: and it affords a remedy for wounds inflicted by the sting-ray, having the property of benumbing the part affected. It is taken in drink with wormwood for dysentery: employed with wine it accelerates the catamenia when retarded, a decoction of it having the effect of arresting them when in excess: the plant, applied by itself, stanches the blood of wounds. 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The sweet pomegranates, or, in other words, those known by the name of “apyrena,” are generally considered to be injurious to the stomach; they are productive, also, of flatulency, and are bad for the teeth and gums. The kind which closely resembles the last in flavour, and which we have spoken of as the “vinous” pomegranate, has very diminutive pips, and is thought to be somewhat more wholesome than the others. They have an astringent effect upon the stomach and bowels, provided they are taken in moderation, and not to satiety; but even these, or, indeed, any other kind, should never be given in fevers, as neither the substance nor the juice of the fruit acts otherwise than injuriously under those circumstances. They should, also, be equally abstained from in cases of vomiting and bilious evacuations.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 23, "chapter": "57", "entry": "PUNIC APPLES OR POMEGRANATES: TWENTY-SIX REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 18385, "lineEnd": 18398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "pomegranate", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "pomegranate", "start": 84, "end": 95, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "pomegranate", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "an astringent effect upon the stomach and bowels", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "They have an astringent effect upon the stomach and bowels, provided they are taken in moderation", "start": 513, "end": 610, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "pomegranate", "start": 84, "end": 95, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "an astringent effect upon the stomach and bowels", "start": 523, "end": 571, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b23:c070:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b23:c070:001", "text": "In Egypt and in the Isle of Cyprus there are, as already stated, mulberry-trees of a peculiar kind, being of a nature that is truly marvellous; for, if the outer bark is peeled off, they emit a great abundance of juice; but if a deeper incision is made, they are found to be quite dry. This juice is an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache: it is taken in drink for affections of the spleen, and is used as a liniment for the same purpose, as also for fits of shivering. This juice, however, very soon breeds worms.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 23, "chapter": "70", "entry": "MULBERRIES: THIRTY-NINE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 18773, "lineEnd": 18782 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "mulberry-trees", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "mulberry-trees", "start": 65, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "mulberry-trees", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "This juice is an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache", "start": 286, "end": 469, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "mulberry-trees", "start": 65, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache", "start": 300, "end": 469, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "This juice", "start": 286, "end": 296, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "if the outer bark is peeled off, they emit a great abundance of juice", "start": 149, "end": 218, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b23:c070:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b23:c070:001", "text": "In Egypt and in the Isle of Cyprus there are, as already stated, mulberry-trees of a peculiar kind, being of a nature that is truly marvellous; for, if the outer bark is peeled off, they emit a great abundance of juice; but if a deeper incision is made, they are found to be quite dry. This juice is an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache: it is taken in drink for affections of the spleen, and is used as a liniment for the same purpose, as also for fits of shivering. 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This juice is an antidote to the venom of serpents, is good for dysentery, disperses inflamed tumours and all kinds of gatherings, heals wounds, and allays both head-ache and ear-ache: it is taken in drink for affections of the spleen, and is used as a liniment for the same purpose, as also for fits of shivering. 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THE CERRUS: EIGHT REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 1834, "lineEnd": 1835 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "robur", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "robur", "start": 41, "end": 46, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "robur", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "loss of the hair by alopecy", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The round excrescences which grow on the robur * * * and mixed with bear’s grease, are remedial in cases of loss of the hair by alopecy", "start": 0, "end": 135, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "robur", "start": 41, "end": 46, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "loss of the hair by alopecy", "start": 108, "end": 135, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The round excrescences", "start": 0, "end": 22, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "mixed with bear’s grease", "start": 57, "end": 81, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c022:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c022:001", "text": "In treating, first of wines, and then of trees, we have stated that resin is the produce of the trees above-mentioned, and have described the several varieties of it, and the countries in which they are respectively produced. There are two principal kinds of resin, the dry and the liquid. The dry resins are extracted from the pine and the pitch-tree, the liquid from the terebinth, the larch, the lentisk, and the cypress; these last producing it in the province of Asia and in Syria. It is an error to suppose that the resin of the pitch-tree is the same as that of the larch; for the pitch-tree yields an unctuous resin, and of the same consistency as frankincense, while that of the larch is thin, like honey in colour, and of a powerful odour. It is but very rarely that medical men make use of liquid resin, and when they do, it is mostly that produced by the larch, which is administered in an egg for cough and ulcerations of the viscera. The resin of the pine, too, is far from extensively used, and that of the other kinds is always boiled before use: on the various methods of boiling it, we have enlarged at sufficient length already.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "22", "entry": "RESINS: TWENTY-TWO REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2158, "lineEnd": 2175 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "larch", "part": "resin", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "larch", "start": 388, "end": 393, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "larch", "part": "resin", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "cough and ulcerations of the viscera", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "it is mostly that produced by the larch, which is administered in an egg for cough and ulcerations of the viscera", "start": 833, "end": 946, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "larch", "start": 388, "end": 393, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "cough and ulcerations of the viscera", "start": 910, "end": 946, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "make use of liquid resin", "start": 789, "end": 813, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "administered in an egg", "start": 883, "end": 905, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; 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This last, when found in Syria and Egypt, produces a ligneous fruit, somewhat larger than a gall-nut, in great abundance, and of an acrid flavour; medical men employ it as a substitute for galls in the compositions known as “antheræ.” The wood also, with the blossoms, leaves, and bark of the tree, is used for similar purposes, but their properties are not so strongly developed. The bark is pounded also, and given for discharges of blood from the mouth, irregularities of the catamenia, and cœliac affections: beaten up and applied to the part affected, it checks the increase of all kinds of abscesses.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "42", "entry": "THE BRYA: TWENTY-NINE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2686, "lineEnd": 2697 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "brya", "part": "bark", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "brya", "start": 75, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "brya", "part": "bark", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "discharges of blood from the mouth, irregularities of the catamenia, and cœliac affections", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The bark is pounded also, and given for discharges of blood from the mouth, irregularities of the catamenia, and cœliac affections", "start": 574, "end": 704, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "brya", "start": 75, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "discharges of blood from the mouth, irregularities of the catamenia, and cœliac affections", "start": 614, "end": 704, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The bark is pounded", "start": 574, "end": 593, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The bark is pounded", "start": 574, "end": 593, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The bark is pounded", "start": 574, "end": 593, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c042:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c042:001", "text": "At Corinth, and in the vicinity of that city, the Greeks give the name of “brya” to a plant of which there are two varieties; the wild brya, which is altogether barren, and the cultivated one. This last, when found in Syria and Egypt, produces a ligneous fruit, somewhat larger than a gall-nut, in great abundance, and of an acrid flavour; medical men employ it as a substitute for galls in the compositions known as “antheræ.” The wood also, with the blossoms, leaves, and bark of the tree, is used for similar purposes, but their properties are not so strongly developed. The bark is pounded also, and given for discharges of blood from the mouth, irregularities of the catamenia, and cœliac affections: beaten up and applied to the part affected, it checks the increase of all kinds of abscesses.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "42", "entry": "THE BRYA: TWENTY-NINE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2686, "lineEnd": 2697 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "brya", "part": "bark", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "brya", "start": 75, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "brya", "part": "bark", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "checks the increase of all kinds of abscesses", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "beaten up and applied to the part affected, it checks the increase of all kinds of abscesses", "start": 706, "end": 798, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "brya", "start": 75, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "checks the increase of all kinds of abscesses", "start": 753, "end": 798, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The bark is pounded also", "start": 574, "end": 598, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "beaten up and applied", "start": 706, "end": 727, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "beaten up and applied to the part affected", "start": 706, "end": 748, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "beaten up and applied to the part affected", "start": 706, "end": 748, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "beaten up and applied to the part affected", "start": 706, "end": 748, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001", "text": "The erythrodanus, by some called “ereuthodanus,” and in Latin “rubia,” is quite a different plant. It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. I find it stated by some writers that this shrub is curative of jaundice, even if worn as an amulet only, and looked at every now and then.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "56", "entry": "THE ERYTHRODANUS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3021, "lineEnd": 3033 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a diuretic", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Used medicinally, it is a diuretic", "start": 171, "end": 205, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a diuretic", "start": 195, "end": 205, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001", "text": "The erythrodanus, by some called “ereuthodanus,” and in Latin “rubia,” is quite a different plant. It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. I find it stated by some writers that this shrub is curative of jaundice, even if worn as an amulet only, and looked at every now and then.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "56", "entry": "THE ERYTHRODANUS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3021, "lineEnd": 3033 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water", "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice", "start": 212, "end": 262, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "jaundice", "start": 254, "end": 262, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "employed with hydromel", "start": 212, "end": 234, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001#r02", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001", "text": "The erythrodanus, by some called “ereuthodanus,” and in Latin “rubia,” is quite a different plant. It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. 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It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. 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It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. I find it stated by some writers that this shrub is curative of jaundice, even if worn as an amulet only, and looked at every now and then.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "56", "entry": "THE ERYTHRODANUS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3021, "lineEnd": 3033 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "wounds inflicted by serpents", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents", "start": 549, "end": 632, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wounds inflicted by serpents", "start": 604, "end": 632, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The branches, together with the leaves", "start": 549, "end": 587, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "are applied to wounds", "start": 589, "end": 610, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "are applied to wounds", "start": 589, "end": 610, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001#r06", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c056:001", "text": "The erythrodanus, by some called “ereuthodanus,” and in Latin “rubia,” is quite a different plant. It is used for dyeing wool, and skins for leather are prepared with it. Used medicinally, it is a diuretic, and, employed with hydromel, it is curative of jaundice. Employed topically with vinegar, it heals lichens; and a potion is prepared from it for sciatica and paralysis, the patient while using it taking a bath daily. The root of it and the seed are effectual as an emmenagogue; they act astringently upon the bowels, and disperse gatherings. The branches, together with the leaves, are applied to wounds inflicted by serpents; the leaves too have the property of staining the hair. I find it stated by some writers that this shrub is curative of jaundice, even if worn as an amulet only, and looked at every now and then.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "56", "entry": "THE ERYTHRODANUS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3021, "lineEnd": 3033 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "erythrodanus", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "this shrub is curative of jaundice, even if worn as an amulet only", "start": 727, "end": 793, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "erythrodanus", "start": 4, "end": 16, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "jaundice", "start": 254, "end": 262, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "worn as an amulet only", "start": 771, "end": 793, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "worn as an amulet only", "start": 771, "end": 793, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "worn as an amulet only", "start": 771, "end": 793, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides", "start": 504, "end": 742, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides", "start": 583, "end": 742, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "boiled down to one third", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water", "start": 744, "end": 975, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "durationText": [ { "quote": "boiled down to one third", "start": 926, "end": 950, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy", "start": 744, "end": 879, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in three heminæ of water", "start": 951, "end": 975, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled down to one third", "start": 926, "end": 950, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water", "start": 926, "end": 975, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r02", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the above-named purposes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water", "start": 977, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the above-named purposes", "start": 1009, "end": 1033, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "by bruising it in water", "start": 1035, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "by bruising it in water", "start": 1035, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "by bruising it in water", "start": 1035, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Lozenges too are made of it", "start": 977, "end": 1004, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r03", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers", "start": 1060, "end": 1137, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers", "start": 1096, "end": 1137, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "In combination with honey", "start": 1060, "end": 1085, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r04", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "diseases of the chest", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest", "start": 1139, "end": 1195, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "diseases of the chest", "start": 1174, "end": 1195, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "a wine too is prepared from it", "start": 1139, "end": 1169, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r05", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "disperses films on the eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes", "start": 1197, "end": 1265, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "disperses films on the eyes", "start": 1238, "end": 1265, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice of the leaves", "start": 1197, "end": 1220, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "mixed with oil", "start": 1222, "end": 1236, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juice of the leaves", "start": 1197, "end": 1220, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002#r06", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c080:002", "text": "(15.) The chamædrys is the same plant that in Latin is called “trixago;” some persons, however, call it “chamædrops,” and others “teucria.” The leaves of it are the size of those of mint, but in their colour and indentations they resemble those of the oak. According to some, the leaves are serrated, and it was these, they say, that first suggested the idea of the saw: the flower of it borders closely upon purple. This plant is gathered in rough craggy localities, when it is replete with juice; and, whether taken internally or applied topically, it is extremely efficacious for the stings of venomous serpents, diseases of the stomach, inveterate coughs, collections of phlegm in the throat, ruptures, convulsions, and pains in the sides. It diminishes the volume of the spleen, and acts as a diuretic and emmenagogue; for which reasons it is very useful in incipient dropsy, the usual dose being a handful of the sprigs boiled down to one third in three heminæ of water. Lozenges too are made of it for the above-named purposes, by bruising it in water. In combination with honey, it heals abscesses and inveterate or sordid ulcers: a wine too is prepared from it for diseases of the chest. The juice of the leaves, mixed with oil, disperses films on the eyes; it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen; employed as a friction, it is of a warming nature.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "80", "entry": "THE TRIXAGO, CHAMÆDRYS, CHAMÆDROPS, OR TEUCRIA: SIXTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 3528, "lineEnd": 3548 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamædrys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "vinegar" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "diseases of the spleen", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "it is taken also, in vinegar, for diseases of the spleen", "start": 1267, "end": 1323, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamædrys", "start": 10, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "diseases of the spleen", "start": 1301, "end": 1323, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in vinegar", "start": 1285, "end": 1295, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c111:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c111:001", "text": "The trichomanes is a plant that resembles the adiantum, except that it is more slender and of a darker colour; the leaves of it, which are similar to those of the lentil, lie close together, on opposite sides, and have a bitter taste. A decoction of this plant, taken in white wine, with the addition of wild cummin, is curative of strangury. Bruised and applied to the head, it prevents the hair from falling off, and, where it has come off, restores it: pounded and applied with oil, it effects the cure of alopecy. The mere taste of it is provocative of sneezing.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "111", "entry": "THE TRICHOMANES. FIVE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 11706, "lineEnd": 11714 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "trichomanes", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "trichomanes", "start": 4, "end": 15, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "wild cummin", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wild cummin", "start": 304, "end": 315, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "trichomanes", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "strangury", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A decoction of this plant, taken in white wine, with the addition of wild cummin, is curative of strangury", "start": 235, "end": 341, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "trichomanes", "start": 4, "end": 15, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "strangury", "start": 332, "end": 341, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "taken in white wine", "start": 262, "end": 281, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "A decoction of this plant", "start": 235, "end": 260, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A decoction of this plant", "start": 235, "end": 260, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken in white wine", "start": 262, "end": 281, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c111:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c111:001", "text": "The trichomanes is a plant that resembles the adiantum, except that it is more slender and of a darker colour; the leaves of it, which are similar to those of the lentil, lie close together, on opposite sides, and have a bitter taste. A decoction of this plant, taken in white wine, with the addition of wild cummin, is curative of strangury. Bruised and applied to the head, it prevents the hair from falling off, and, where it has come off, restores it: pounded and applied with oil, it effects the cure of alopecy. The mere taste of it is provocative of sneezing.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "111", "entry": "THE TRICHOMANES. 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A decoction of this plant, taken in white wine, with the addition of wild cummin, is curative of strangury. Bruised and applied to the head, it prevents the hair from falling off, and, where it has come off, restores it: pounded and applied with oil, it effects the cure of alopecy. The mere taste of it is provocative of sneezing.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "111", "entry": "THE TRICHOMANES. 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Both plants are very serviceable for inguinal complaints; it being recommended that the person who gathers them should mention that he is taking them for diseases of the groin, for abscesses of all kinds, and for wounds, and that he should pluck them with one hand only.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "113", "entry": "THLASPI AND PERSICON NAPY: FOUR REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 11747, "lineEnd": 11752 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Persicon napy", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Persicon napy", "start": 37, "end": 50, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Persicon napy", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "sciatica", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The other thlaspi, known by some as “Persicon napy,” has broad leaves and large roots, and is also very useful as an injection for sciatica", "start": 0, "end": 139, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Persicon napy", "start": 37, "end": 50, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "sciatica", "start": 131, "end": 139, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "as an injection", "start": 111, "end": 126, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:11+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c113:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c113:002", "text": "The other thlaspi, known by some as “Persicon napy,” has broad leaves and large roots, and is also very useful as an injection for sciatica. 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A draught of the Decoction taken warm before the Fit, first removes, and in time rids away the Tertian or Quartan Agues: The Leaves and Seed taken in Wine, Stayeth the Bloody Flu⟦?⟧. ⟦??⟧ app⟦???⟧, being stamped with old Swines grease, it helpeth old sores, Cancers, and inveterate Ulcers; and draweth forth Thorns, Splinters of Wood, Nails, or any other such thing gotten into the Flesh; it helpeth to strengthen the Members that be out of joynt; and being bruised and applied, or the Juyce dropped in, it helpeth foul and imposthu⟦?⟧ned Ears.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1285, "lineEnd": 1317 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "foul and imposthu⟦?⟧ned Ears", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied, or the Juyce dropped in, it helpeth foul and imposthu⟦?⟧ned Ears", "start": 984, "end": 1075, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "foul and imposthu⟦?⟧ned Ears", "start": 1047, "end": 1075, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Juyce dropped in", "start": 1014, "end": 1034, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Juyce dropped in", "start": 1014, "end": 1034, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the Juyce dropped in", "start": 1014, "end": 1034, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:009", "text": "The distilled Water of the Herb is good to all the said purposes, either inward or outward, but a great deal weaker.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1318, "lineEnd": 1320 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "good to all the said purposes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water of the Herb is good to all the said purposes, either inward or outward, but a great deal weaker", "start": 0, "end": 115, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "good to all the said purposes", "start": 35, "end": 64, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water of the Herb", "start": 0, "end": 31, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water", "start": 0, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water", "start": 0, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010", "text": "It is an Herb under Jupiter, and the Sign cancer, and therfore strengthens those parts under that Planet and Sign, and removes Diseases in them by Sympathy, and those under Saturn, Mars, and Mercury, by Antip⟦?⟧thy. If they happen in any part of the Body governed by Jupiter, or under the Signs, Cancer, Sagitary, or Pisces, and therfore must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment, or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup, or concreated Juyce, for which see the latter end of the Book.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1321, "lineEnd": 1336 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "the Gout", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 338, "end": 417, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Gout", "start": 361, "end": 369, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 396, "end": 417, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "in an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 396, "end": 417, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "in an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 396, "end": 417, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010", "text": "It is an Herb under Jupiter, and the Sign cancer, and therfore strengthens those parts under that Planet and Sign, and removes Diseases in them by Sympathy, and those under Saturn, Mars, and Mercury, by Antip⟦?⟧thy. If they happen in any part of the Body governed by Jupiter, or under the Signs, Cancer, Sagitary, or Pisces, and therfore must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment, or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup, or concreated Juyce, for which see the latter end of the Book.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1321, "lineEnd": 1336 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the Gout", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment, or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup", "start": 338, "end": 455, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Gout", "start": 361, "end": 369, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup", "start": 422, "end": 455, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "inwardly in an Electuary", "start": 422, "end": 446, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:010", "text": "It is an Herb under Jupiter, and the Sign cancer, and therfore strengthens those parts under that Planet and Sign, and removes Diseases in them by Sympathy, and those under Saturn, Mars, and Mercury, by Antip⟦?⟧thy. If they happen in any part of the Body governed by Jupiter, or under the Signs, Cancer, Sagitary, or Pisces, and therfore must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment, or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup, or concreated Juyce, for which see the latter end of the Book.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1321, "lineEnd": 1336 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Gout", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "must needs be good for the Gout, either used ⟦?⟧outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment, or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup, or concreated Juyce", "start": 338, "end": 476, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Gout", "start": 361, "end": 369, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "concreated Juyce", "start": 460, "end": 476, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "concreated Juyce", "start": 460, "end": 476, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:011#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:agrimony:011", "text": "It is a most admirable remedy for such whole Livers are annoyed either by heat or cold. The Liver is the former of Blood, and Blood the Nourisher of the Body, and Agrimony and Strengthner of the Liver.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Agrimony. ♃", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 1337, "lineEnd": 1341 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": 163, "end": 171, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "such whole Livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is a most admirable remedy for such whole Livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "start": 0, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": 163, "end": 171, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "such whole Livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "start": 34, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and Stomach, whereas the Leavs and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast, are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ ♈ Wood-Betony.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 3085, "lineEnd": 3166 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also", "start": 147, "end": 264, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also", "start": 155, "end": 264, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. 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Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and Stomach, whereas the Leavs and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast, are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ ♈ Wood-Betony.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 3085, "lineEnd": 3166 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder", "start": 328, "end": 639, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach", "start": 339, "end": 473, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto", "start": 630, "end": 682, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and Stomach, whereas the Leavs and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast, are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ ♈ Wood-Betony.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 3085, "lineEnd": 3166 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey", "vinegar" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "no", "process": "powder", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise", "start": 2194, "end": 2524, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise", "start": 2285, "end": 2524, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar", "start": 2225, "end": 2266, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A dram of the Pouder", "start": 2194, "end": 2214, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar", "start": 2225, "end": 2266, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar", "start": 2194, "end": 2266, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r14", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and Stomach, whereas the Leavs and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast, are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ ♈ Wood-Betony.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 3085, "lineEnd": 3166 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "fresh", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "freshOrDried": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "start": 2526, "end": 2801, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "start": 2574, "end": 2801, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised", "start": 2526, "end": 2548, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised", "start": 2526, "end": 2548, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised", "start": 2526, "end": 2548, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised", "start": 2526, "end": 2548, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised", "start": 2526, "end": 2548, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r15", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and Stomach, whereas the Leavs and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast, are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "♃ ♈ Wood-Betony.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 3085, "lineEnd": 3166 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "start": 2526, "end": 2801, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2218, "end": 2224, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh", "start": 2574, "end": 2801, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Juyce applied", "start": 2553, "end": 2570, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Juyce applied", "start": 2553, "end": 2570, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the Juyce applied", "start": 2553, "end": 2570, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008#r16", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wood-betony:008", "text": "Antonius Musa physitian to the Emperor Augustus caesar, wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb, and amongst other Vertues, saith of it, That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of Men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases, and from Wicchcrafts also: It is found by daily experience to be good for many Diseases; It helpeth those that loath, or cannot digest their Meat, those that have weak Stomachs, or sower belchings, or continual rising in their Stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the Herb, the Root, or the Flowers in Broth drunk, or Meat, or made into Conserve, Syrup, Water Electuary, or Pouder as every one may best frame themselvs unto, or as the time or season requireth, taken any of the aforesaid waies. It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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It helpeth the Jaundice, Falling-sickness, the Palsie, Convulsions or shrinking of the Sinews, the Gout, and those that are inclined to Dropsies, those that have continual Pains in their Head, although it turn to Phrensie. The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheesing or shortness of Breath, Distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungues, which causeth Consumptions. The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the Blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the Sight: The Decoction therof made in Wine and taken, killeth the Worms in the Belly, openeth Obstructions both of the Spleen and Liver, careth Stitches and Pains in the Back, or Sides the Torments and griping pains of the Bowels, and the wind Chollick: and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly, helpeth to bring down Womens Courses, and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother, and pains therof and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth: it helpeth also to break and expel the Stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys. The Decoction with Wine gargled in the Mouth, easeth the Toothach. It is commended against the sting or biting or Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs. Being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar, doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travail; it staieth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose, and helpeth those that pise or spit Blood, and those that are Bursten or have a Rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green Herb bruised, or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut; and will draw forth any broken Bone, or Splinter, Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh: It is no less profitable for old Sores, or filthy Ulcers, yea, though they be Fistulaus and hollow, but some do advise to put in a little Salt to this purpose: Being applied with a little Hogs Lard, it helpeth a Plague-Sore, and other Boyls and Pushes: The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a Funnel into the Bars, caseth the pains of them, destroyeth the Worms, and cureth the running Sores in them. The Juyce dropped into them doth the same. 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The Root is better food than the Parsnep, and is pleasant & comfortable to the Stomach, helping digestion. The Seed is conducing to all the cold griefs of Head and Stomach, the Bowels or Mother, as also the wind in them, and helpeth to sharpen the Eye-sight. The Pouder of the Seed put into a Pultis, taketh away black and blue spots of Blows or Bruises. The Herb it self, or with some of the Seed bruised and fryed, laid hot in a bag or double cloth to the lower part of the Belly, easeth the pains of the wind Chollick.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☿ Caraway.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4983, "lineEnd": 4997 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "unknown", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Caraway", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Caraway", "start": 0, "end": 7, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Caraway", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "powder", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "black and blue spots of Blows or Bruises", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Seed put into a Pultis, taketh away black and blue spots of Blows or Bruises", "start": 371, "end": 465, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Caraway", "start": 0, "end": 7, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "black and blue spots of Blows or Bruises", "start": 425, "end": 465, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Seed", "start": 371, "end": 393, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Seed", "start": 371, "end": 393, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Pouder of the Seed", "start": 371, "end": 393, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "put into a Pultis", "start": 394, "end": 411, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "put into a Pultis", "start": 394, "end": 411, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:caraway:008#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:caraway:008", "text": "Caraway Seed hath a moderat sharp quality wherby it breaketh Wind and provoketh Urin, which also the Herb doth. The Root is better food than the Parsnep, and is pleasant & comfortable to the Stomach, helping digestion. The Seed is conducing to all the cold griefs of Head and Stomach, the Bowels or Mother, as also the wind in them, and helpeth to sharpen the Eye-sight. The Pouder of the Seed put into a Pultis, taketh away black and blue spots of Blows or Bruises. The Herb it self, or with some of the Seed bruised and fryed, laid hot in a bag or double cloth to the lower part of the Belly, easeth the pains of the wind Chollick.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☿ Caraway.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 4983, "lineEnd": 4997 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Caraway", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Caraway", "start": 0, "end": 7, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Caraway", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "warm", "heatText": "fryed, laid hot", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "easeth the pains of the wind Chollick", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Herb it self, or with some of the Seed bruised and fryed, laid hot in a bag or double cloth to the lower part of the Belly, easeth the pains of the wind Chollick", "start": 467, "end": 632, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Caraway", "start": 0, "end": 7, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "fryed, laid hot", "start": 522, "end": 537, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "easeth the pains of the wind Chollick", "start": 595, "end": 632, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "bruised and fryed, laid hot", "start": 510, "end": 537, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "bruised and fryed", "start": 510, "end": 527, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "laid hot in a bag or double cloth", "start": 529, "end": 562, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "laid hot in a bag or double cloth", "start": 529, "end": 562, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; 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no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Aniseeds", "part": "seed", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Aniseeds", "start": 56, "end": 64, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "recipeType": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body", "start": 0, "end": 289, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body", "start": 88, "end": 289, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boyled in white-Wine", "start": 18, "end": 38, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boyled in white-Wine", "start": 18, "end": 38, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boyled in white-Wine and drunk", "start": 18, "end": 48, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "boyled in white-Wine and drunk", "start": 18, "end": 48, "inHeading": false } ], "recipeType": [ { "quote": "a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith", "start": 50, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "the Pestilence", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence", "start": 291, "end": 381, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Pestilence", "start": 367, "end": 381, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce thereof", "start": 291, "end": 308, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The Juyce thereof taken fasting", "start": 291, "end": 322, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce thereof taken fasting", "start": 291, "end": 322, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The Juyce thereof taken fasting", "start": 291, "end": 322, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sugar", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sugar", "start": 418, "end": 423, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Triacle", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Triacle", "start": 443, "end": 450, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "hath the same effect", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect", "start": 383, "end": 548, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "hath the same effect", "start": 528, "end": 548, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water", "start": 383, "end": 402, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water", "start": 383, "end": 402, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The distilled Water", "start": 383, "end": 402, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. 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The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. 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The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily", "start": 723, "end": 878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily", "start": 737, "end": 878, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away", "start": 880, "end": 1037, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away", "start": 907, "end": 1037, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce often applied", "start": 880, "end": 903, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce often applied", "start": 880, "end": 903, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The Juyce often applied", "start": 880, "end": 903, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "warm", "heatText": "heated", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses", "start": 1039, "end": 1291, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "heated", "start": 1075, "end": 1081, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses", "start": 1129, "end": 1291, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Herb with the Roots", "start": 1039, "end": 1062, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "heated with Oyl of Camomel", "start": 1075, "end": 1101, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "bruised and heated", "start": 1063, "end": 1081, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "bruised and heated", "start": 1063, "end": 1081, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied to the Navel", "start": 1107, "end": 1127, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied", "start": 1063, "end": 1114, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. 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The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "gargle", "indicationAsWritten": "the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain", "start": 1293, "end": 1376, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain", "start": 1341, "end": 1376, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "Decoction of the Herb", "start": 1303, "end": 1324, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "Decoction of the Herb", "start": 1303, "end": 1324, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "gargled between the Teeth", "start": 1325, "end": 1350, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "dried", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "freshOrDried": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out", "start": 1382, "end": 1477, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out", "start": 1422, "end": 1477, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Pouder of the dryed Root", "start": 1382, "end": 1410, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "the dryed Root", "start": 1396, "end": 1410, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "laid upon an aching hollow", "start": 1412, "end": 1438, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Pouder of the dryed Root", "start": 1382, "end": 1410, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Pouder of the dryed Root", "start": 1382, "end": 1410, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:008", "text": "The herb or Roots boyled in white-Wine and drunk, a few Aniseeds being boyled therwith, openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall, helpeth the yellow Jaundice: and the often using it, helps the Dropsie, and the Itch, and those that have old Sores in their Legs, or other parts of the Body. The Juyce thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence: The distilled Water, with a little Sugar, and a little good Triacle mixed therwith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect. The Juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from Films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpnes of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk: It is good in old filthy corroding creeping Ulcers whersoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal the more speedily: The Juyce often applied to Tetters, Ring worms, or other such like spreading Cancers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away. The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Camomel, and applied to the Navel, taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels, and all the pains of the Mother: and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses. The Juyce Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ake, easeth the pain; and the Pouder of the dryed Root, laid upon an aching hollow, or loos Tooth, wil caus it to fal out. The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever: And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation, by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5052, "lineEnd": 5093 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Brimstone", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Brimstone", "start": 1514, "end": 1523, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone, is not only good against the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever", "start": 1479, "end": 1615, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Itch, but taketh away al discolourings of the Skin whatsoever", "start": 1550, "end": 1615, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone", "start": 1479, "end": 1523, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce mixed with som Pouder of Brimstone", "start": 1479, "end": 1523, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:009", "text": "This is an Herb of the Sum, & under the Coelestial Lyon, and is one of the best cures for the Eyes that is. Al that know any thing in Astrologie, know as wel as I can tel them, That the Eyes are subject to the Luminaries; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries applying to his Trine; let Leo arise, then may you make it into an Oyl or Oyntment which you please to anoint your sore Eyes withal: I can prove it both by my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, That most desperat sore Eyes have been cured by this only Medicine Andthen I pray, is not this farbetter than endangering the Eyes by the art of the Needle? for if this do not absolutly take away the Film, it will so facilitate the work that it may be don without danger.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5094, "lineEnd": 5111 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "sore Eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "then may you make it into an Oyl or Oyntment which you please to anoint your sore Eyes withal", "start": 330, "end": 423, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "sore Eyes", "start": 407, "end": 416, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "make it into an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 343, "end": 374, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "anoint your sore Eyes", "start": 395, "end": 416, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "make it into an Oyl or Oyntment", "start": 343, "end": 374, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:014#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:celandine:014", "text": "Also I have read (and it seems to me somwhat probable) That the Herb being gathered as I shewed before, and the Elements drawn apart from it by the art of the Alchyraist; and after they are drawn apart, rectified, the earthy quality still in rectifying them, added to the Terra damnata (as Alchymists call it) or Terra sacratissima (as som Phylosophers call it) the Elements so rectified are sufficient for the Cure of al Diseases, the humor offending being known and the contrary Element given, It is an Experience wurth the trying, and can do no harm.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "☉ Celandine.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5137, "lineEnd": 5152 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Celandine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Cure of al Diseases", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the Herb being gathered as I shewed before, and the Elements drawn apart from it by the art of the Alchyraist; and after they are drawn apart, rectified, the earthy quality still in rectifying them, added to the Terra damnata (as Alchymists call it) or Terra sacratissima (as som Phylosophers call it) the Elements so rectified are sufficient for the Cure of al Diseases", "start": 60, "end": 430, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Celandine", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Cure of al Diseases", "start": 407, "end": 430, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Elements drawn apart from it by the art of the Alchyraist", "start": 108, "end": 169, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-iesser-celondine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:the-iesser-celondine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort:009", "text": "It is certain by good experience that the Decoction of the Leavs and Roots, doth wonderfully help the Piles and Hemorrhoids, as also Kernels by the Ears and Throat called the Kings evil; or any other hard Wens or Tumors.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "The Iesser Celondine, usually known by the Name of ♄ Pilewort.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5199, "lineEnd": 5204 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Piles and Hemorrhoids, as also Kernels by the Ears and Throat called the Kings evil; or any other hard Wens or Tumors", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the Decoction of the Leavs and Roots, doth wonderfully help the Piles and Hemorrhoids, as also Kernels by the Ears and Throat called the Kings evil; or any other hard Wens or Tumors", "start": 38, "end": 219, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Piles and Hemorrhoids, as also Kernels by the Ears and Throat called the Kings evil; or any other hard Wens or Tumors", "start": 98, "end": 219, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Leavs and Roots", "start": 55, "end": 74, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Decoction of the Leavs and Roots", "start": 38, "end": 74, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Decoction of the Leavs and Roots", "start": 38, "end": 74, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; 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It is of much use both for Men and Women that have weak Backs, to help to strengthen the Reins, used either by it self or with other Herbs conducing to the same effect, and in Tansies often: The fresh Leavs dipped in a Batter of Flower, Egs, and a little Milk, and fried in Butter, and served to the Table, is not unpleasant to any, but exceeding profitable for those that are troubled with weak Backs, and the effects therof. 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The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice, and the Decoction of the Herb in experience found to do the same, and stayeth Lasks and Bloody Fluxes. The Juyce of the Leavs, or they a little bruisep and applied to any bleeding wound, stayeth the Bleeding. The Juyce is also very good to close up the Lips of green Wounds; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same, and likewise helpeth old Ulcers: Being boyled with Hogs Greas, it healeth al sorts of hard Swellings or Kernels in the Throat, being anointed therwith. 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The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice, and the Decoction of the Herb in experience found to do the same, and stayeth Lasks and Bloody Fluxes. The Juyce of the Leavs, or they a little bruisep and applied to any bleeding wound, stayeth the Bleeding. The Juyce is also very good to close up the Lips of green Wounds; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same, and likewise helpeth old Ulcers: Being boyled with Hogs Greas, it healeth al sorts of hard Swellings or Kernels in the Throat, being anointed therwith. 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The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice, and the Decoction of the Herb in experience found to do the same, and stayeth Lasks and Bloody Fluxes. The Juyce of the Leavs, or they a little bruisep and applied to any bleeding wound, stayeth the Bleeding. The Juyce is also very good to close up the Lips of green Wounds; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same, and likewise helpeth old Ulcers: Being boyled with Hogs Greas, it healeth al sorts of hard Swellings or Kernels in the Throat, being anointed therwith. 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The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice, and the Decoction of the Herb in experience found to do the same, and stayeth Lasks and Bloody Fluxes. The Juyce of the Leavs, or they a little bruisep and applied to any bleeding wound, stayeth the Bleeding. The Juyce is also very good to close up the Lips of green Wounds; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same, and likewise helpeth old Ulcers: Being boyled with Hogs Greas, it healeth al sorts of hard Swellings or Kernels in the Throat, being anointed therwith. 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The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice, and the Decoction of the Herb in experience found to do the same, and stayeth Lasks and Bloody Fluxes. The Juyce of the Leavs, or they a little bruisep and applied to any bleeding wound, stayeth the Bleeding. The Juyce is also very good to close up the Lips of green Wounds; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same, and likewise helpeth old Ulcers: Being boyled with Hogs Greas, it healeth al sorts of hard Swellings or Kernels in the Throat, being anointed therwith. 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no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:cleavers-or-goosgrass:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:cleavers-or-goosgrass:009", "text": "It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten (being first chopped smal and boyled well) in Water-gruel, to clens the Blood, and strengthen the Liver, thereby keeping the Body in health, and fitting it for that change of Season that is coming.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Cleavers, or Goosgrass.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 5934, "lineEnd": 5939 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Cleavers", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Cleavers", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Cleavers", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "to clens the Blood, and strengthen the Liver, thereby keeping the Body in health, and fitting it for that change of Season that is coming", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten (being first chopped smal and boyled well) in Water-gruel, to clens the Blood, and strengthen the Liver, thereby keeping the Body in health, and fitting it for that change of Season that is coming", "start": 0, "end": 237, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Cleavers", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to clens the Blood, and strengthen the Liver, thereby keeping the Body in health, and fitting it for that change of Season that is coming", "start": 100, "end": 237, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in Water-gruel", "start": 84, "end": 98, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being first chopped smal and boyled well", "start": 42, "end": 82, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "eaten (being first chopped smal and boyled well)", "start": 35, "end": 83, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body", "start": 0, "end": 91, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body", "start": 24, "end": 91, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Leavs of Henbane", "start": 0, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "decoction", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "start": 97, "end": 383, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "start": 117, "end": 383, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Leavs of Henbane", "start": 0, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boyled in Wine", "start": 197, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boyled in Wine", "start": 197, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "if they be boyled in Wine", "start": 186, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied themselves", "start": 224, "end": 242, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "applied themselves", "start": 224, "end": 242, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "the Fomentation warm", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "start": 97, "end": 383, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "the Fomentation warm", "start": 246, "end": 266, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus", "start": 117, "end": 383, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Leavs of Henbane", "start": 0, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boyled in Wine", "start": 197, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boyled in Wine", "start": 197, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "if they be boyled in Wine", "start": 186, "end": 211, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the Fomentation warm", "start": 246, "end": 266, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "vinegar" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers", "start": 385, "end": 491, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers", "start": 447, "end": 491, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Leavs of Henbane", "start": 0, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "applied with Vinegar", "start": 389, "end": 409, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples", "start": 389, "end": 437, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples", "start": 389, "end": 437, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "doth the like", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like", "start": 493, "end": 568, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "doth the like", "start": 555, "end": 568, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of the Herb or Seed", "start": 493, "end": 522, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of the Herb or Seed", "start": 493, "end": 522, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "doth the like", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like", "start": 493, "end": 568, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "doth the like", "start": 555, "end": 568, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Oyl drawn from the Seed", "start": 527, "end": 554, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Oyl drawn from the Seed", "start": 527, "end": 554, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein", "start": 570, "end": 669, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears", "start": 605, "end": 646, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Oyl of the Seed", "start": 570, "end": 589, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Oyl of the Seed", "start": 570, "end": 589, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being dropped therein", "start": 648, "end": 669, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "doth also the same", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same", "start": 671, "end": 720, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "doth also the same", "start": 702, "end": 720, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Juyce of the Herb, or Root", "start": 671, "end": 701, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Juyce of the Herb, or Root", "start": 671, "end": 701, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "killeth Lice in Man and Beast", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast", "start": 722, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "killeth Lice in Man and Beast", "start": 767, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Herb", "start": 722, "end": 747, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of the Herb", "start": 722, "end": 747, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "dried", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "inhalation", "indicationAsWritten": "Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "freshOrDried": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof", "start": 798, "end": 955, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 13, "end": 20, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet", "start": 865, "end": 918, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the dried Herb Stalks and Seed", "start": 810, "end": 840, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "the dried Herb Stalks", "start": 810, "end": 831, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "Stalks and Seed burned", "start": 825, "end": 847, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The fume of the dried Herb", "start": 798, "end": 824, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "by holding them in the fume thereof", "start": 920, "end": 955, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Pine Kernels", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Pine Kernels", "start": 1046, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Pine Kernels", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "help those that have taken Henbane", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine", "start": 957, "end": 1075, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Pine Kernels", "start": 1046, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "help those that have taken Henbane", "start": 971, "end": 1005, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Pine Kernels", "start": 1046, "end": 1058, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "with Sweet Wine", "start": 1060, "end": 1075, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "is to drink", "start": 1006, "end": 1017, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r11", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Fennel Seed", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed", "start": 1105, "end": 1116, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Fennel Seed", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed", "start": 1105, "end": 1116, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed", "start": 1105, "end": 1116, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r12", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Nettle Seed", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Nettle Seed", "start": 1118, "end": 1129, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Nettle Seed", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Nettle Seed", "start": 1118, "end": 1129, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Nettle Seed", "start": 1118, "end": 1129, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r13", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "the Seed of Cresses", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "the Seed of Cresses", "start": 1131, "end": 1150, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "the Seed of Cresses", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Seed of Cresses", "start": 1131, "end": 1150, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Seed of Cresses", "start": 1131, "end": 1150, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r14", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mustard", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mustard", "start": 1152, "end": 1159, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mustard", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mustard", "start": 1152, "end": 1159, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r15", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Radish", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Radish", "start": 1164, "end": 1170, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Radish", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Radish", "start": 1164, "end": 1170, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r16", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 1180, "end": 1186, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 1180, "end": 1186, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "Onions, or Garlick taken in wine", "start": 1180, "end": 1212, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Onions, or Garlick taken in wine", "start": 1180, "end": 1212, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009#r17", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:009", "text": "The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes or any other part of the Body; and are good to asswage all manner of Swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts, or els where, if they be boyled in Wine, and either applied themselves or the Fomentation warm; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout, the Sciatica and all other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus. And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples, helpeth the Headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers. The Juyce of the Herb or Seed, or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like. The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness, Nois, and Worms in the Ears, being dropped therein; the Juyce of the Herb, or Root doth also the same. The Decoction of the Herb, or Seed, or both, killeth Lice in Man and Beast. The fume of the dried Herb Stalks and Seed burned, quickly healeth Swellings, Chilblains,, or Kibes in the Hands or Feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink Goats Milk, Honyed Water or Pine Kernels, with Sweet Wine: or in the absence of these, Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9921, "lineEnd": 9950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Garlick", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Garlick", "start": 1191, "end": 1198, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Garlick", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel Seed, Nettle Seed, the Seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish, as also Onions, or Garlick taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1105, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Garlick", "start": 1191, "end": 1198, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1229, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "Garlick taken in wine", "start": 1191, "end": 1212, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Garlick taken in wine", "start": 1191, "end": 1212, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:010#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:henbane:010", "text": "Take notice that this Herb must never be taken inwardly, outwardly, an Oyl, Oyntment, or Plaister of it, is most admirable for the Gout, to cool the Venerial heat of the Reins in the French Pox, to stop the Toothach being applied to the aching side, to allay all Inflamations, and to help the Diseases before premised.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Henbane.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 9951, "lineEnd": 9958 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "the Gout, to cool the Venerial heat of the Reins in the French Pox, to stop the Toothach being applied to the aching side, to allay all Inflamations, and to help the Diseases before premised", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "outwardly, an Oyl, Oyntment, or Plaister of it, is most admirable for the Gout, to cool the Venerial heat of the Reins in the French Pox, to stop the Toothach being applied to the aching side, to allay all Inflamations, and to help the Diseases before premised", "start": 57, "end": 317, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Gout, to cool the Venerial heat of the Reins in the French Pox, to stop the Toothach being applied to the aching side, to allay all Inflamations, and to help the Diseases before premised", "start": 127, "end": 317, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "an Oyl, Oyntment", "start": 68, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "an Oyl, Oyntment", "start": 68, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "outwardly, an Oyl, Oyntment", "start": 57, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; 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The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. 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The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. 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The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. 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The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. 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The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in al the aforesaid Diseases.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hops.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 10205, "lineEnd": 10228 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 193, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "no", "process": "powder", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin", "start": 573, "end": 698, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 193, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin", "start": 623, "end": 698, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Seed in Pouder", "start": 588, "end": 606, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the Seed in Pouder", "start": 588, "end": 606, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the Seed in Pouder", "start": 588, "end": 606, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken in drink", "start": 607, "end": 621, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "the Seed in Pouder taken in drink", "start": 588, "end": 621, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hops:008#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:hops:008", "text": "This Physical operation is to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen to clens the Blood, to loosen the Belly, to clens the Reins from Gravel, and provoke Urine. The Decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, worketh the same effects. In cleansing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas, and al manner of Scabs, Itch, and other breakings out in the Body, as also al Tetters, Ringworms, and spreading Sores, the Morphew, and all discolourings of the Skin. The Decoction of the Flowers and tops, do help to expel poyson that any one hath drunk: Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink, killeth Worms in the Body, bringeth down Womens Courses, and expelleth Urin: A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in al the aforesaid Diseases.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Hops.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 10205, "lineEnd": 10228 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 193, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sugar", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sugar", "start": 730, "end": 735, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar, cureth the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood", "start": 700, "end": 929, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 193, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the yellow Jaundice, easeth the Headach that comes of Heat, and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood", "start": 744, "end": 929, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "made of the Juyce", "start": 708, "end": 725, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar", "start": 700, "end": 735, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006", "text": "Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maidenhair and Figs, maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine: The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them: The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder, as the Decoction. The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water with some Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth, is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Liquoris.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 11187, "lineEnd": 11207 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Maidenhair", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Maidenhair", "start": 40, "end": 50, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Figs", "start": 55, "end": 59, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maidenhair and Figs, maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine", "start": 0, "end": 358, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine", "start": 85, "end": 358, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boyled in fair Water", "start": 9, "end": 29, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boyled in fair Water", "start": 9, "end": 29, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boyled in fair Water", "start": 9, "end": 29, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "maketh a good Drink", "start": 61, "end": 80, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006", "text": "Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maidenhair and Figs, maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine: The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them: The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder, as the Decoction. The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water with some Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth, is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Liquoris.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 11187, "lineEnd": 11207 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them", "start": 360, "end": 527, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them", "start": 414, "end": 527, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "blown through a Quil into the Eyes", "start": 388, "end": 422, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The fine Pouder of Liquoris", "start": 360, "end": 387, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The fine Pouder of Liquoris", "start": 360, "end": 387, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "blown through a Quil into the Eyes", "start": 388, "end": 422, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006", "text": "Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maidenhair and Figs, maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine: The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them: The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder, as the Decoction. The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water with some Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth, is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Liquoris.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 11187, "lineEnd": 11207 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder, as the Decoction", "start": 529, "end": 648, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder", "start": 570, "end": 630, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Liquoris", "start": 529, "end": 550, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [ { "field": "part", "from": "juice", "to": "root", "reason": "Culpeper's 'Juyce of Liquoris' is the Dispensatory's Succus Glycyrrhizæ: a boiled, concentrated root extract", "evidence": "Culpeper 1850 Dispensatory, Succus Glycyrrhizæ simplex (culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s040-rob-or-sapa-and-juices:027), as above.", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "solvent", "from": "unknown", "to": "water", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "heat", "from": "unknown", "to": "boiled", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "process", "from": "unknown", "to": "decoction", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "filtered", "from": "unknown", "to": "yes", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" } ] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:liquoris:006", "text": "Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maidenhair and Figs, maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough, or Hoarceness, Wheesing, shortness of breath; and for al the Griefs of the Breast and Lungs, Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of Salt humors on them. It is also good in all pains of the Reins, the Strangury, and heat of Urine: The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web (as they cal it) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them, doth clens and help them: The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast & Lungs, the Reins and Bladder, as the Decoction. The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water with some Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth, is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Liquoris.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 11187, "lineEnd": 11207 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth", "part": "resin", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth", "start": 694, "end": 710, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquoris", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c.", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water with some Gu⟦?⟧-Tragacanth, is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c", "start": 650, "end": 768, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquoris", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hoarceness, Wheesings, &c", "start": 743, "end": 768, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water", "start": 650, "end": 683, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "dissolved in Rose Water", "start": 660, "end": 683, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Juyce dissolved in Rose Water", "start": 650, "end": 683, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "a fine licking Medicine", "start": 715, "end": 738, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [ { "field": "part", "from": "juice", "to": "root", "reason": "The 'Juyce' dissolved in rose water is Culpeper's Succus Glycyrrhizæ, a boiled, concentrated water extract of the root (requested 2026-11-06: correct the rose-water recipes the same way)", "evidence": "Culpeper 1850 Dispensatory, Succus Glycyrrhizæ simplex (culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s040-rob-or-sapa-and-juices:027): 'Infuse Liquorice Roots cleansed and gently bruised, three days in Spring Water ... then boil it a little, and press it hard out, and boil the liquor with a gentle fire to its due thickness.'", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "solvent", "from": "other", "to": "other+water", "reason": "same; the extract is made in water, then dissolved in rose water (other)", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "heat", "from": "unknown", "to": "boiled", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "filtered", "from": "unknown", "to": "yes", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above ('press it hard out')", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" } ] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses", "start": 0, "end": 133, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses", "start": 51, "end": 133, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Rue", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Rue", "start": 223, "end": 226, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue", "start": 135, "end": 226, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures", "start": 140, "end": 196, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "used with Honey and Rue", "start": 203, "end": 226, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "encreaseth Sperm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them", "start": 228, "end": 277, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "encreaseth Sperm", "start": 232, "end": 248, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "especially the Seed of them", "start": 250, "end": 277, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "all night", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "infusion", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "kill the Worms in Children", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night", "start": 279, "end": 388, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "durationText": [ { "quote": "all night", "start": 379, "end": 388, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "kill the Worms in Children", "start": 289, "end": 315, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped", "start": 324, "end": 378, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "steeped all night", "start": 371, "end": 388, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "if they drink the Water", "start": 316, "end": 339, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "warm", "heatText": "roasted under the Embers", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm", "start": 390, "end": 538, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "roasted under the Embers", "start": 396, "end": 420, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm", "start": 481, "end": 538, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "eaten with Honey", "start": 425, "end": 441, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "Being roasted under the Embers", "start": 390, "end": 420, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "Being roasted under the Embers", "start": 390, "end": 420, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "eaten with Honey", "start": 425, "end": 441, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. 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Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "inhalation", "indicationAsWritten": "purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy", "start": 540, "end": 627, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy", "start": 586, "end": 627, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce being snuffed up", "start": 540, "end": 566, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce being snuffed up", "start": 540, "end": 566, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "snuffed up into the Nostrils", "start": 556, "end": 584, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Bread", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Bread", "start": 806, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Salt", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Salt", "start": 816, "end": 820, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "a good preservative against Infection", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt", "start": 696, "end": 820, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a good preservative against Infection", "start": 741, "end": 778, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "to eat Onions fasting", "start": 779, "end": 800, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. 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Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them", "start": 1092, "end": 1322, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder", "start": 1124, "end": 1180, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "vinegar" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them", "start": 1092, "end": 1322, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin", "start": 1205, "end": 1260, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "used with Vinegar", "start": 1186, "end": 1203, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r11", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "easeth the pains and nois of them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them", "start": 1092, "end": 1322, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "easeth the pains and nois of them", "start": 1289, "end": 1322, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Juyce of Onions", "start": 1092, "end": 1111, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "dropped into the Ears", "start": 1266, "end": 1287, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003#r12", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Onions are Flatulent or Windy, yet they do somwhat provoke appetite, encreas thirst, eas the Belly and Bowels; provoke Womens Courses, help the biting of a mad Dog, and of other Venemous Creatures to be used with Honey and Rue, and encreaseth Sperm, especially the Seed of them: They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the Water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey, or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough, and expectorate the tough Flegm. The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils, purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy (yet the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head) It hath been held with divers Country people a good preservative against Infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt: as also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good Triacle, and after to roast it well under the Embers, which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore, or any other putrid Ulcer. The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding, or burning by fire, water, or Gunpouder, and used with Vinegar, taketh away all Blemishes, Spots, and Marks in the Skin, and dropped into the Ears, easeth the pains and nois of them. Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13651, "lineEnd": 13687 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Figs", "start": 1342, "end": 1346, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Applied also with Figs beaten together, he⟦?⟧peth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores", "start": 1324, "end": 1419, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 0, "end": 6, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores", "start": 1374, "end": 1419, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "with Figs beaten together", "start": 1337, "end": 1362, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "with Figs beaten together", "start": 1337, "end": 1362, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Applied also with Figs beaten together", "start": 1324, "end": 1362, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "Applied also with Figs beaten together", "start": 1324, "end": 1362, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:onions:005", "text": "Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you pill one and lay him upon a Dunghil, you shall find him rotten in half a day, by drawing putrifaction to it, then being bruised and applied to a Plague-Sore 'tis very probable 'twill do the like.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Onions.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 13699, "lineEnd": 13706 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "a Plague-Sore", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "then being bruised and applied to a Plague-Sore 'tis very probable 'twill do the like", "start": 203, "end": 288, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a Plague-Sore", "start": 237, "end": 250, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 208, "end": 233, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 208, "end": 233, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied to a Plague-Sore", "start": 208, "end": 250, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 208, "end": 233, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:008", "text": "The Decoction of Ground Pine drunk, doth wonderfully prevail against the Strangury or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine, and is especial good for all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and gently openeth the Body, for which purpose they were wont in former times to make Pills with the Pouder thereof, and the Purple Figs. It marveilously helpeth all the Diseases of the Mother used inwardly, or applied outwardly, procuring Womens Courses, and expelling the dead Child and afterbirth, yea it is so powerful upon those Feminine parts that it is utterly forbidden to Women with Child, in that it will caus abortment or delivery before the time: It is as effectual also in all pains and Diseases of the Joynts, as Gouts, Cramps, Palseys, Sciatica, and Aches; either the Decoction of the Herb in 'Wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both for some time together, for which purpose the Pills made with the Pouder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactils with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. These Pills also are special good for those that have the Dropsie, to be continued for some time. The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. The green Herb also applied, or the Juyce thereof with some Honey, not only clenseth putrid, stinking foul and Malignant Ulcers and Sores of all sorts, but healeth and sodereth up the lips of green Wounds in any part also.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Ground Pine, or Chamepitys.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 14746, "lineEnd": 14798 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 17, "end": 28, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "the Strangury or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine, and is especial good for all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and gently openeth the Body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of Ground Pine drunk, doth wonderfully prevail against the Strangury or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine, and is especial good for all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and gently openeth the Body", "start": 0, "end": 246, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 17, "end": 28, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Strangury or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine, and is especial good for all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and gently openeth the Body", "start": 69, "end": 246, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of Ground Pine", "start": 0, "end": 28, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of Ground Pine", "start": 0, "end": 28, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The Decoction of Ground Pine drunk", "start": 0, "end": 34, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:008#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:008", "text": "The Decoction of Ground Pine drunk, doth wonderfully prevail against the Strangury or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine, and is especial good for all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and gently openeth the Body, for which purpose they were wont in former times to make Pills with the Pouder thereof, and the Purple Figs. It marveilously helpeth all the Diseases of the Mother used inwardly, or applied outwardly, procuring Womens Courses, and expelling the dead Child and afterbirth, yea it is so powerful upon those Feminine parts that it is utterly forbidden to Women with Child, in that it will caus abortment or delivery before the time: It is as effectual also in all pains and Diseases of the Joynts, as Gouts, Cramps, Palseys, Sciatica, and Aches; either the Decoction of the Herb in 'Wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both for some time together, for which purpose the Pills made with the Pouder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactils with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. These Pills also are special good for those that have the Dropsie, to be continued for some time. The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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It marveilously helpeth all the Diseases of the Mother used inwardly, or applied outwardly, procuring Womens Courses, and expelling the dead Child and afterbirth, yea it is so powerful upon those Feminine parts that it is utterly forbidden to Women with Child, in that it will caus abortment or delivery before the time: It is as effectual also in all pains and Diseases of the Joynts, as Gouts, Cramps, Palseys, Sciatica, and Aches; either the Decoction of the Herb in 'Wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both for some time together, for which purpose the Pills made with the Pouder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactils with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. These Pills also are special good for those that have the Dropsie, to be continued for some time. 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The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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It marveilously helpeth all the Diseases of the Mother used inwardly, or applied outwardly, procuring Womens Courses, and expelling the dead Child and afterbirth, yea it is so powerful upon those Feminine parts that it is utterly forbidden to Women with Child, in that it will caus abortment or delivery before the time: It is as effectual also in all pains and Diseases of the Joynts, as Gouts, Cramps, Palseys, Sciatica, and Aches; either the Decoction of the Herb in 'Wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both for some time together, for which purpose the Pills made with the Pouder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactils with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. These Pills also are special good for those that have the Dropsie, to be continued for some time. The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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The same is a special good help for the Jaundice, and for griping pains in the Joynts, Belly, or inward parts; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations, as also for the Falling-sickness. It is an espcial Remedy for the Poyson of the Aconites of all sorts, and other poisonful Herbs, as also against the stinking of any Venemous Creature. It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough, especially in the beginning. For all this purposes aforesaid, the Herb being tunned up in new Drink and drunk is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs. The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey. The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied, dissolveth the hardness of Womens Breasts, and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body. 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The water thereof helpeth the heat and Inflamation in the Eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Queen of the Meadows, Meadow-sweet, or Mead-sweet.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 15530, "lineEnd": 15534 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Meadow-sweet", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Meadow-sweet", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Meadow-sweet", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the heat and Inflamation in the Eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The water thereof helpeth the heat and Inflamation in the Eyes", "start": 123, "end": 185, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Meadow-sweet", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the heat and Inflamation in the Eyes", "start": 149, "end": 185, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The water thereof", "start": 123, "end": 140, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005", "text": "It is an Herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therfore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly: Let not abov ten grains be given at one time, for if the Sun which is the Fountain of Life, may dazle the Eyes and make them blind, a Cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity may hurt the Heart instead of helping it. It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice. My own Opinion is (but I have no Author for it) that Hermodactils is nothing else but the Roots of Saffron dried, and my reason is, that the Roots of all Crocus both white and yellow purge Flegm as Hermodactils do, and if you please to dry the Roots of any Crocus, neither your eye nor your tast shal distinguish it from Hermodactils.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Saffron.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 16998, "lineEnd": 17020 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 773, "end": 780, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "start": 59, "end": 131, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 773, "end": 780, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "start": 95, "end": 131, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005", "text": "It is an Herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therfore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly: Let not abov ten grains be given at one time, for if the Sun which is the Fountain of Life, may dazle the Eyes and make them blind, a Cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity may hurt the Heart instead of helping it. It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice. My own Opinion is (but I have no Author for it) that Hermodactils is nothing else but the Roots of Saffron dried, and my reason is, that the Roots of all Crocus both white and yellow purge Flegm as Hermodactils do, and if you please to dry the Roots of any Crocus, neither your eye nor your tast shal distinguish it from Hermodactils.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Saffron.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 16998, "lineEnd": 17020 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 773, "end": 780, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice", "start": 355, "end": 672, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 773, "end": 780, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice", "start": 355, "end": 672, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:saffron:005", "text": "It is an Herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therfore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly: Let not abov ten grains be given at one time, for if the Sun which is the Fountain of Life, may dazle the Eyes and make them blind, a Cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity may hurt the Heart instead of helping it. It quicken the Brain, for the Sun is exalted in V as well as he hath his House in SL it help Consumption of the Lungs, help difficulty of breathing: it is an excellent thing in Epidemical Diseases, as Pestilences, smal Pox, and Measles: It is a notable expulsive Medicine, and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice. My own Opinion is (but I have no Author for it) that Hermodactils is nothing else but the Roots of Saffron dried, and my reason is, that the Roots of all Crocus both white and yellow purge Flegm as Hermodactils do, and if you please to dry the Roots of any Crocus, neither your eye nor your tast shal distinguish it from Hermodactils.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Saffron.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 16998, "lineEnd": 17020 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Crocus", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Crocus", "start": 828, "end": 834, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Crocus", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "purge Flegm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the Roots of all Crocus both white and yellow purge Flegm as Hermodactils do", "start": 811, "end": 887, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Crocus", "start": 828, "end": 834, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "purge Flegm", "start": 857, "end": 868, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Roots of all Crocus", "start": 811, "end": 834, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004", "text": "The Seed of this Wormwood is that which usually Women give their Children for the Worms: Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest; I but Doctors commend it, and Apothecaries sell it, the one must keep his Credit, and the other get Money, and that's the key of the work. The Herb is good for somthing, because God made nothing in vain; Will you give me leave to weigh things in the Ballance of Reason; Then thus, The Seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the Seed of this, to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age: Of both, some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormseed is the weakest, & happily may prove to be fittest for weakest Bodies (for it is weak enough in all conscience) Let such as are strong take the common Wormseed, for the other will do but little good. Again, neer the Sea many people live, and Seriphium grows neer them, and therfore is more fitting for their Bodies because nourished by the same Air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose Body Dr. Reason dwels not, dwels Dr.Madness, and he brings in his Brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Dr. Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam's Fall, Pride begate a Daughter, I do not know the Father of it unless the Divil, but she christned it, and call'd it Appetite, and sent her Daughter to tast these Wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the sqeamish Wench extol it to the Skies, though the Vertues of it never reached to the middle Region of the Air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fitter for weak Bodies, and fitter for those Bodies that dwell neer it than those that live far from it: my reason is, The Sea (as those that live far from it, know when they comt neer it) casteth not such a smel as the Land doth: The tender Mercies of God being over all his Works, hath by his eternal Providence planted Seriphium by the Sea side, as a fit Medicine for the Bodies of those that live neer it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the Course of Nature, That the Liver delights in sweet things; if so, it abhors bitter; then if your Liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an Enemy: if the Liver be weak a Consumption follows; Would you know the Reason? 'tis this, A mans Flesh is repaired by Blood, by a third concoction which transmutes Blood into Flesh ('tis well I said [Conction] for if I had said [Boyling] every Cook would have understood me.) The Liver makes Blood, and if it be weakned that it makes not enough the Flesh wasteth, and why must Flesh alwaies be renewed? Because the eternal God when he made the Creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another: And why did he so? Because Himself is only Permanent, to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but upon what endures for ever. The result of all is this, If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough (I would have said [Sanguifie] if I had written only to Schollers) The Seriphian which is the weakest of Wormwoods is better than the best. I have been Critical enonough (if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "description", "lineStart": 20576, "lineEnd": 20649 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphium", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Seriphium", "start": 860, "end": 869, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphium", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "for the Worms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Seed of this Wormwood is that which usually Women give their Children for the Worms", "start": 0, "end": 87, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Seriphium", "start": 860, "end": 869, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "for the Worms", "start": 74, "end": 87, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Seed of this Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 25, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004", "text": "The Seed of this Wormwood is that which usually Women give their Children for the Worms: Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest; I but Doctors commend it, and Apothecaries sell it, the one must keep his Credit, and the other get Money, and that's the key of the work. The Herb is good for somthing, because God made nothing in vain; Will you give me leave to weigh things in the Ballance of Reason; Then thus, The Seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the Seed of this, to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age: Of both, some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormseed is the weakest, & happily may prove to be fittest for weakest Bodies (for it is weak enough in all conscience) Let such as are strong take the common Wormseed, for the other will do but little good. Again, neer the Sea many people live, and Seriphium grows neer them, and therfore is more fitting for their Bodies because nourished by the same Air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose Body Dr. Reason dwels not, dwels Dr.Madness, and he brings in his Brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Dr. Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam's Fall, Pride begate a Daughter, I do not know the Father of it unless the Divil, but she christned it, and call'd it Appetite, and sent her Daughter to tast these Wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the sqeamish Wench extol it to the Skies, though the Vertues of it never reached to the middle Region of the Air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fitter for weak Bodies, and fitter for those Bodies that dwell neer it than those that live far from it: my reason is, The Sea (as those that live far from it, know when they comt neer it) casteth not such a smel as the Land doth: The tender Mercies of God being over all his Works, hath by his eternal Providence planted Seriphium by the Sea side, as a fit Medicine for the Bodies of those that live neer it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the Course of Nature, That the Liver delights in sweet things; if so, it abhors bitter; then if your Liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an Enemy: if the Liver be weak a Consumption follows; Would you know the Reason? 'tis this, A mans Flesh is repaired by Blood, by a third concoction which transmutes Blood into Flesh ('tis well I said [Conction] for if I had said [Boyling] every Cook would have understood me.) The Liver makes Blood, and if it be weakned that it makes not enough the Flesh wasteth, and why must Flesh alwaies be renewed? Because the eternal God when he made the Creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another: And why did he so? Because Himself is only Permanent, to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but upon what endures for ever. The result of all is this, If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough (I would have said [Sanguifie] if I had written only to Schollers) The Seriphian which is the weakest of Wormwoods is better than the best. I have been Critical enonough (if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "description", "lineStart": 20576, "lineEnd": 20649 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "common Wormwood", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "common Wormwood", "start": 441, "end": 456, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "common Wormwood", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The Seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the Seed of this, to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age", "start": 424, "end": 553, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "common Wormwood", "start": 441, "end": 456, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age", "start": 503, "end": 553, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The Seeds of the common Wormwood", "start": 424, "end": 456, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:004", "text": "The Seed of this Wormwood is that which usually Women give their Children for the Worms: Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest; I but Doctors commend it, and Apothecaries sell it, the one must keep his Credit, and the other get Money, and that's the key of the work. The Herb is good for somthing, because God made nothing in vain; Will you give me leave to weigh things in the Ballance of Reason; Then thus, The Seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the Seed of this, to expell Worms in Children, or People of ripe age: Of both, some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormseed is the weakest, & happily may prove to be fittest for weakest Bodies (for it is weak enough in all conscience) Let such as are strong take the common Wormseed, for the other will do but little good. Again, neer the Sea many people live, and Seriphium grows neer them, and therfore is more fitting for their Bodies because nourished by the same Air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose Body Dr. Reason dwels not, dwels Dr.Madness, and he brings in his Brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Dr. Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam's Fall, Pride begate a Daughter, I do not know the Father of it unless the Divil, but she christned it, and call'd it Appetite, and sent her Daughter to tast these Wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the sqeamish Wench extol it to the Skies, though the Vertues of it never reached to the middle Region of the Air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fitter for weak Bodies, and fitter for those Bodies that dwell neer it than those that live far from it: my reason is, The Sea (as those that live far from it, know when they comt neer it) casteth not such a smel as the Land doth: The tender Mercies of God being over all his Works, hath by his eternal Providence planted Seriphium by the Sea side, as a fit Medicine for the Bodies of those that live neer it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the Course of Nature, That the Liver delights in sweet things; if so, it abhors bitter; then if your Liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an Enemy: if the Liver be weak a Consumption follows; Would you know the Reason? 'tis this, A mans Flesh is repaired by Blood, by a third concoction which transmutes Blood into Flesh ('tis well I said [Conction] for if I had said [Boyling] every Cook would have understood me.) The Liver makes Blood, and if it be weakned that it makes not enough the Flesh wasteth, and why must Flesh alwaies be renewed? Because the eternal God when he made the Creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another: And why did he so? Because Himself is only Permanent, to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but upon what endures for ever. The result of all is this, If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough (I would have said [Sanguifie] if I had written only to Schollers) The Seriphian which is the weakest of Wormwoods is better than the best. I have been Critical enonough (if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "description", "lineStart": 20576, "lineEnd": 20649 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphian", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Seriphian", "start": 600, "end": 609, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphian", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough (I would have said [Sanguifie] if I had written only to Schollers) The Seriphian which is the weakest of Wormwoods is better than the best", "start": 2968, "end": 3158, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Seriphian", "start": 600, "end": 609, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enonough", "start": 2968, "end": 3019, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:010#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Romane Wormwood; And why Romane, seeing it grows familiarly in England? It may be it was so called because 'tis special good for a stinking Brcarh, which the Romans cannot be very free from maintaining so many Baudy Houses by Authority of his Holiness.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "description", "lineStart": 20674, "lineEnd": 20680 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Romane Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Romane Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 15, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Romane Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a stinking Brcarh", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It may be it was so called because 'tis special good for a stinking Brcarh", "start": 72, "end": 146, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Romane Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 15, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a stinking Brcarh", "start": 129, "end": 146, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is", "start": 439, "end": 903, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice", "start": 451, "end": 890, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "flower", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Rosemary", "part": "flower", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Rosemary", "start": 1216, "end": 1224, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "black Thorn", "part": "flower", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "black Thorn", "start": 1230, "end": 1241, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "saffron", "start": 1290, "end": 1297, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "flower", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to keep a Mans Body in health", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health", "start": 1183, "end": 1423, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to keep a Mans Body in health", "start": 1394, "end": 1423, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the Flowers of Wormwood", "start": 1191, "end": 1214, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boyl this in Renish Wine", "start": 1299, "end": 1323, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boyl this in Renish Wine", "start": 1299, "end": 1323, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boyl this in Renish Wine", "start": 1299, "end": 1323, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "provokes the Terms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms", "start": 1514, "end": 1559, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "provokes the Terms", "start": 1541, "end": 1559, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the biting of Rats and Mice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice", "start": 2421, "end": 2503, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the biting of Rats and Mice", "start": 2476, "end": 2503, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "poyson'd himself by eating them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him", "start": 2673, "end": 2752, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "poyson'd himself by eating them", "start": 2685, "end": 2716, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps", "start": 2872, "end": 2975, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings", "start": 2872, "end": 2943, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all Diseases in the Throat", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one)", "start": 3708, "end": 3790, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all Diseases in the Throat", "start": 3724, "end": 3750, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure", "start": 4256, "end": 4403, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion", "start": 4273, "end": 4350, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "Scabs and Itch", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had", "start": 5149, "end": 5415, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Scabs and Itch", "start": 5178, "end": 5192, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the Chollick", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it", "start": 5712, "end": 6003, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the Chollick", "start": 5740, "end": 5752, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:018", "text": "Will you give me leave to be Critical a little? I must take leave; Wormnwood is an Herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg. I prove it thus: What delights in Martial places is a Martial Herb, But Wormwood delights in Martial places, (for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it) Ergo it is a Martial Herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Viz, Just as hot as your Blood and no hotter: It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of man by Sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and her wanton Girls produce, by Antipathy; and it doth somthing else besides; It clenseth the Body of Choller (and who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes Urine, helps Surfets, Swellings in the Belly; it causeth an Appetite to meat, because Mars rules the Attractive faculty in Man: The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is: Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortue (or Saturn either?) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure all the Diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no Cowards, nor Saturn Fools, nor I, either. Take of the Flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron, boyl this in Renish Wine, but put not in the Saffron till it is almost boyled; This is the way to keep a Mans Body in health, appointed by Camerarius in his Book intituled, Hortus, Medicus, and 'tis a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the Terms. I would willingly teach Astrologers, and make them Physitians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the Calling, if you will not beleeve me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with, not to follow. In this one Herb I shall give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art, rough caft, yet as neer the Truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coyned: (as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too sta⟦?⟧ely to learn, and too proud to continue, They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon, and that's the reason they feed in the night: The House of the Moon is Cancer: (Rats are of the same nature with Mice but that they are a little bigger.) Mars receives his fall in Cancer Erga⟦?⟧ Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice. Mushroms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the Dominion of Saturn (and take them one time with another they do as much harm as good:) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the Hous of Saturn, & this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy. Wheals, Pushes black & blew Spots coming eitheir by bruises or beatings, Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps, becaus Mars (as bad as you love him, & as ill as you hate him) will not break your Head, but he'l give you a Plaister. If he do but teach you to know your selves, his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie: The greatest Antipathy between the Planets is between Mars and Venus, one is hot, the other cold, one Diurnal, the other Nocturnal; one dry, the other moist, their Houses are opposite, one Masculine the other Feminine, one publick the other private, one is valiant, the other effeminate, one loves the light, the other hates it, one loves the Field, the other the Sheets; then the Throat is under Venus, the Quinsie lies in the Throat and is an Inflamation there: Venus rules the Throat (it being under Taurus her Sign) Mars eradicates all Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs (of which Wormwood is one) and send them to AEgypt on an errand never to return more; this by Antipathy. The Eyes are under the Luminaries, the right Eye of a Man, and the left Eye of a Woman, the Sun claims Dominion over: The left Eye of a Man, and the right Eye of a Woman, are the priviledg of the Moon, Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures both: What belongs to the Sun by Sympathy becaus he is exalted in his House; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy, because he hath his Fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or s⟦?⟧ung by a martial Creature, imagine a Wasp, a Hornet or Scorpion, Wormwood an H⟦??⟧b of Mars gives you a present cure: Then Mars as Chollerick as he is, hath learned that Patiences, to pass by yenr evil speeches of him, and tells you by my Pen, That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure; You need not run to Apollo nor AEsculapius; and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be, he would have drawn his Sword for Anger ⟦?⟧o see the ill conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues. The eternal God when he made Mars, made him for a publick good, and the Sons of Men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et caelum Mars solus habet. You say Mars is a Destroyer, mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink, and neither Rats nor Mice will touch the Paper is written with it, and then Mars is a Preserver. Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch, and the Virgins are angry with him, because wanton V⟦?⟧nus told them he desorms their Skin: But quoth Mars, my only desire is they should know themselves; my Herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite Venus; for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he hath done knows how to restore it again; or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity, they say he usually causeth the Chollick ('tis well God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man) He in the Virgin troubles none wth the Chollick but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself may easily know all the world:) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it: and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judg ye. I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil, I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe, and there was a great many fine Cloathes (I can give them no other title, for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was, the Moaths might consume them (yea Henry the eighth his Codpiece.) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars, his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes will make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath, as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Moule, or an Eagle a Fly. You say Mars is angry, and 'tis true enough, he is angry with my Country-men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by a Colledg of Physitians, as they lead Bears to Paris-Garden. Melancholly men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name, and that hath ⟦?⟧orely troubled old Saturn, because they called him the greatest Infortune: In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen (and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick.) The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man; Saturn consented but spoke but little, and so Mars cured him by Sympathy. When Mars was free from War (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a Soldier hath) I say when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good, (desiring to forget his in being called an Infortune) He musters up his own Forces and places them in B⟦?⟧ttalia, ⟦?⟧h, quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman? His Angel Answers him, 'Tis because they have of⟦?⟧ended their God [Look back to Adam] Well, saies Mars, though they speak evil of me, I'le do good to them; Death's cold, my Herbs shall heat them, They are full of ill Humors (else they would never have spoken ill of me) my Herb shall clense them and dry them: They are poor weak Creatures, my Herb shall threngthen them; they are dul witted, my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions; and yet amongst Astrologers, all this doth not deserve a good word; ⟦?⟧h, the Patience of Mars.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20711, "lineEnd": 20940 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "crying cut of his left side", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The poor old man lies crying cut of his left side, Father Sarwn's angry, Mars comes to him, come Bic⟦??⟧er, I confess thou an evil spoken of, and so am I th⟦?⟧ knowest I have my exaltation in thy House, I'le give him an Herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure t⟦??⟧ poor man", "start": 7075, "end": 7341, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 223, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "crying cut of his left side", "start": 7097, "end": 7124, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her what the Reason was that she accused him for abusing Women, he never gave them the Pox, in the Dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an Antivenerial Medicine was the best against the Pox. Once a Month he meets with the Moon, Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand (neither are most Women) The Moon looks much after Children, and Children are much troubled with the Worms, she desued a Medicine of him, he bad her take his own Herb Wormwood: He had no sooner parted with the Moon but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a Bitch, Al⟦?⟧s poot Venus quoth he⟦?⟧ What, thou a Fortune and be drunk? I'le give thee an Antipathetical Cure, take my Herb Wormwood, thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking. A poor silly Countryman hath got an Ague and cannot go about his business, he wishes he had it not, and so do I, but I'le tell him a Remedy whereby he may prevent it. Take the Herb of Mars Wormwood, and if Infortunes will do good what will Fortunes do? Some say the Lungs are under Jupiter, and if the Lungs, then the breath, and yet a man somtimes gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a Fortune forsooth; up comes Mars to him, Come Brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of Trines to thy Houses last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio, give me thy leave by Sympathy to cure the poor man by drinking a draught of Wormwood Beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull Brain, and a weak sight, Mars l⟦?⟧ies by his Sword and comes to her, Sister Moon saith he, This man hath anger'd thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a Fool, prithee be patient, I will with my Herb Wormwood cure him of both Infirmities by Antipathy, for thou knowst, thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in Womens Tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20956, "lineEnd": 21014 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "Children are much troubled with the Worms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Children are much troubled with the Worms, she desued a Medicine of him, he bad her take his own Herb Wormwood", "start": 481, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Children are much troubled with the Worms", "start": 481, "end": 522, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her what the Reason was that she accused him for abusing Women, he never gave them the Pox, in the Dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an Antivenerial Medicine was the best against the Pox. Once a Month he meets with the Moon, Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand (neither are most Women) The Moon looks much after Children, and Children are much troubled with the Worms, she desued a Medicine of him, he bad her take his own Herb Wormwood: He had no sooner parted with the Moon but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a Bitch, Al⟦?⟧s poot Venus quoth he⟦?⟧ What, thou a Fortune and be drunk? I'le give thee an Antipathetical Cure, take my Herb Wormwood, thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking. A poor silly Countryman hath got an Ague and cannot go about his business, he wishes he had it not, and so do I, but I'le tell him a Remedy whereby he may prevent it. Take the Herb of Mars Wormwood, and if Infortunes will do good what will Fortunes do? Some say the Lungs are under Jupiter, and if the Lungs, then the breath, and yet a man somtimes gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a Fortune forsooth; up comes Mars to him, Come Brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of Trines to thy Houses last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio, give me thy leave by Sympathy to cure the poor man by drinking a draught of Wormwood Beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull Brain, and a weak sight, Mars l⟦?⟧ies by his Sword and comes to her, Sister Moon saith he, This man hath anger'd thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a Fool, prithee be patient, I will with my Herb Wormwood cure him of both Infirmities by Antipathy, for thou knowst, thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in Womens Tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20956, "lineEnd": 21014 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "I'le give thee an Antipathetical Cure, take my Herb Wormwood, thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking", "start": 752, "end": 855, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking", "start": 814, "end": 855, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her what the Reason was that she accused him for abusing Women, he never gave them the Pox, in the Dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an Antivenerial Medicine was the best against the Pox. Once a Month he meets with the Moon, Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand (neither are most Women) The Moon looks much after Children, and Children are much troubled with the Worms, she desued a Medicine of him, he bad her take his own Herb Wormwood: He had no sooner parted with the Moon but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a Bitch, Al⟦?⟧s poot Venus quoth he⟦?⟧ What, thou a Fortune and be drunk? I'le give thee an Antipathetical Cure, take my Herb Wormwood, thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking. A poor silly Countryman hath got an Ague and cannot go about his business, he wishes he had it not, and so do I, but I'le tell him a Remedy whereby he may prevent it. Take the Herb of Mars Wormwood, and if Infortunes will do good what will Fortunes do? 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The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull Brain, and a weak sight, Mars l⟦?⟧ies by his Sword and comes to her, Sister Moon saith he, This man hath anger'd thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a Fool, prithee be patient, I will with my Herb Wormwood cure him of both Infirmities by Antipathy, for thou knowst, thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in Womens Tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20956, "lineEnd": 21014 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "an Ague", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A poor silly Countryman hath got an Ague and cannot go about his business, he wishes he had it not, and so do I, but I'le tell him a Remedy whereby he may prevent it. 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The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull Brain, and a weak sight, Mars l⟦?⟧ies by his Sword and comes to her, Sister Moon saith he, This man hath anger'd thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a Fool, prithee be patient, I will with my Herb Wormwood cure him of both Infirmities by Antipathy, for thou knowst, thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in Womens Tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "Wormwood.", "subsection": "vertues and use", "lineStart": 20956, "lineEnd": 21014 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "a stinking breath", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "yet a man somtimes gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a Fortune forsooth; up comes Mars to him, Come Brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of Trines to thy Houses last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio, give me thy leave by Sympathy to cure the poor man by drinking a draught of Wormwood Beer every morning", "start": 1187, "end": 1534, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 583, "end": 591, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a stinking breath", "start": 1211, "end": 1228, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "a draught of Wormwood Beer", "start": 1494, "end": 1520, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "by drinking a draught of Wormwood Beer", "start": 1482, "end": 1520, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1652", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1652:herbal:wormwood:023", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her what the Reason was that she accused him for abusing Women, he never gave them the Pox, in the Dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an Antivenerial Medicine was the best against the Pox. 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A draught of the decoction taken warm before the fit, first removes, and in time rids away the tertian or quartan agues. The leaves and seeds taken in wine, stays the bloody flux; outwardly applied, being stamped with old swine’s grease, it helps old sores, cancers, and inveterate ulcers, and draws forth thorns and splinters of wood, nails, or any other such things gotten in the flesh. It helps to strengthen the members that be out of joint: and being bruised and applied, or the juice dropped in it, helps foul and imposthumed ears.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "AGRIMONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 867, "lineEnd": 875 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "AGRIMONY", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "AGRIMONY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "AGRIMONY", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "foul and imposthumed ears", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied, or the juice dropped in it, helps foul and imposthumed ears", "start": 529, "end": 615, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "AGRIMONY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "foul and imposthumed ears", "start": 590, "end": 615, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the juice dropped in it", "start": 559, "end": 582, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the juice dropped in it", "start": 559, "end": 582, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the juice dropped in it", "start": 559, "end": 582, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:agrimony:007#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:agrimony:007", "text": "The distilled water of the herb is good to all the said purposes, either inward or outward, but a great deal weaker.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "AGRIMONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 877, "lineEnd": 878 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "AGRIMONY", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "AGRIMONY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "AGRIMONY", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "good to all the said purposes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The distilled water of the herb is good to all the said purposes, either inward or outward, but a great deal weaker", "start": 0, "end": 115, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "AGRIMONY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "good to all the said purposes", "start": 35, "end": 64, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The distilled water of the herb", "start": 0, "end": 31, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The distilled water", "start": 0, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The distilled water", "start": 0, "end": 19, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:agrimony:008#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:agrimony:008", "text": "It is a most admirable remedy for such whose livers are annoyed either by heat or cold. The liver is the former of blood, and blood the nourisher of the body, and Agrimony a strengthener of the liver.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "AGRIMONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 880, "lineEnd": 882 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": 163, "end": 171, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Agrimony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "such whose livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is a most admirable remedy for such whose livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "start": 0, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Agrimony", "start": 163, "end": 171, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "such whose livers are annoyed either by heat or cold", "start": 34, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] The herb is appropriated to the planet Jupiter, and the sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. The root of Betony is displeasing both to the taste and stomach, whereas the leaves and flowers, by their sweet and spicy taste, are comfortable both to meat and medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WOOD BETONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 2034, "lineEnd": 2084 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also", "start": 237, "end": 347, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also", "start": 245, "end": 347, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] The herb is appropriated to the planet Jupiter, and the sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. The root of Betony is displeasing both to the taste and stomach, whereas the leaves and flowers, by their sweet and spicy taste, are comfortable both to meat and medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WOOD BETONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 2034, "lineEnd": 2084 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth", "start": 349, "end": 585, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs", "start": 358, "end": 492, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "the flowers, in broth", "start": 564, "end": 585, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] The herb is appropriated to the planet Jupiter, and the sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. 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Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. 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The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. 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Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. 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Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. The root of Betony is displeasing both to the taste and stomach, whereas the leaves and flowers, by their sweet and spicy taste, are comfortable both to meat and medicine.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WOOD BETONY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 2034, "lineEnd": 2084 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Betony", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "while it is warm", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "decoction", "form": "inhalation", "indicationAsWritten": "eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them", "start": 3068, "end": 3228, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Betony", "start": 2238, "end": 2244, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "while it is warm", "start": 3095, "end": 3111, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them", "start": 3149, "end": 3228, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The fumes of the decoction", "start": 3068, "end": 3094, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The fumes of the decoction", "start": 3068, "end": 3094, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel", "start": 3068, "end": 3133, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "The fumes of the decoction", "start": 3068, "end": 3094, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004#r23", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wood-betony:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] The herb is appropriated to the planet Jupiter, and the sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also; it helps those that loath and cannot digest their meat, those that have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or continual rising in their stomachs, using it familiarly either green or dry; either the herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time and season requires; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those that are inclined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with pure honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or colds, wheesing, or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon the lungs, which causes consumptions. The decoction made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal, is good for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight; the decoction thereof made in wine and taken, kills the worms in the belly, opens obstructions both of the spleen and liver; cures stitches, and pains in the back and sides, the torments and griping pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with honey purges the belly, helps to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains thereof, and causes an easy and speedy delivery of women in child-birth. It helps also to break and expel the stone, either in the bladder or kidneys. The decoction with wine gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache. It is commended against the stinging and biting of venomous serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly and applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of Betony taken with a little honey in some vinegar, does wonderfully refresh those that are over wearied by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth or nose, and helps those that void or spit blood, and those that are bursten or have a rupture, and is good for such as are bruised by any fall or otherwise. The green herb bruised, or the juice applied to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly heal and close it up; as also any vein or sinews that are cut, and will draw forth any broken bone or splinter, thorn or other things got into the flesh. It is no less profitable for old sores or filthy ulcers, yea, tho’ they be fistulous and hollow. But some do advise to put a little salt for this purpose, being applied with a little hog’s lard, it helps a plague sore, and other boils and pushes. The fumes of the decoction while it is warm, received by a funnel into the ears, eases the pains of them, destroys the worms and cures the running sores in them. The juice dropped into them does the same. 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Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion. The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3388, "lineEnd": 3398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "breaks wind and provokes urine", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine", "start": 57, "end": 142, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "breaks wind and provokes urine", "start": 112, "end": 142, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Carraway seed", "start": 57, "end": 70, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is also a Mercurial plant. 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Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion. The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3388, "lineEnd": 3398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion", "start": 170, "end": 278, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion", "start": 218, "end": 278, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The root is better food", "start": 170, "end": 193, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The root is better food than the parsnip", "start": 170, "end": 210, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is also a Mercurial plant. Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion. The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3388, "lineEnd": 3398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight", "start": 280, "end": 425, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight", "start": 305, "end": 425, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The seed is conducing", "start": 280, "end": 301, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is also a Mercurial plant. Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion. The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3388, "lineEnd": 3398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "unknown", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "powder", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "black and blue spots of blows and bruises", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises", "start": 427, "end": 523, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "black and blue spots of blows and bruises", "start": 482, "end": 523, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The powder of the seed", "start": 427, "end": 449, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The powder of the seed", "start": 427, "end": 449, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The powder of the seed", "start": 427, "end": 449, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "put into a poultice", "start": 450, "end": 469, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "put into a poultice", "start": 450, "end": 469, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is also a Mercurial plant. Carraway seed has a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks wind and provokes urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable to the stomach, and helps digestion. The seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the head and stomach, bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put into a poultice, takes away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3388, "lineEnd": 3398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "warm", "heatText": "fried, laid hot", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "eases the pains of the wind cholic", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The herb itself, or with some of the seed bruised and fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains of the wind cholic", "start": 525, "end": 688, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 57, "end": 65, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "fried, laid hot", "start": 579, "end": 594, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "eases the pains of the wind cholic", "start": 654, "end": 688, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "bruised and fried, laid hot", "start": 567, "end": 594, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "bruised and fried", "start": 567, "end": 584, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "laid hot in a bag or double cloth", "start": 586, "end": 619, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "laid hot in a bag or double cloth", "start": 586, "end": 619, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:006#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:006", "text": "The roots of Carraway eaten as men do parsnips, strengthen the stomach of ancient people exceedingly, and they need not to make a whole meal of them neither, and are fit to be planted in every garden.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3400, "lineEnd": 3402 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 13, "end": 21, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "strengthen the stomach of ancient people exceedingly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The roots of Carraway eaten as men do parsnips, strengthen the stomach of ancient people exceedingly", "start": 0, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 13, "end": 21, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "strengthen the stomach of ancient people exceedingly", "start": 48, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The roots of Carraway", "start": 0, "end": 21, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "eaten as men do parsnips", "start": 22, "end": 46, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:007#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:carraway:007", "text": "Carraway comfits, once only dipped in sugar, and half a spoonful of them eaten in the morning fasting, and as many after each meal, is a most admirable remedy, for those that are troubled with wind.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CARRAWAY.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3404, "lineEnd": 3406 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "sugar", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "sugar", "start": 38, "end": 43, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Carraway", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "those that are troubled with wind", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Carraway comfits, once only dipped in sugar, and half a spoonful of them eaten in the morning fasting, and as many after each meal, is a most admirable remedy, for those that are troubled with wind", "start": 0, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Carraway", "start": 0, "end": 8, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that are troubled with wind", "start": 164, "end": 197, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "Carraway comfits, once only dipped in sugar", "start": 0, "end": 43, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "half a spoonful of them eaten", "start": 49, "end": 78, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is an herb of the Sun, and under the Celestial Lion, and is one of the best cures for the eyes; for, all that know any thing in astrology, know that the eyes are subject to the luminaries; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries, applying to this time; let Leo arise, then may you make into an oil or ointment, which you please, to anoint your sore eyes with. I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast milk. It is good in all old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily: The juice often applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such like spreading cankers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon warts, will take them away. The herb with the roots bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, takes away the griping pains of the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother; and applied to women’s breasts stays the overmuch flowing of the courses. The juice or decoction of the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, eases the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose tooth, will cause it to fall out. The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone is not only good against the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever: and if it chance that in a tender body it causes any itchings or inflammations, by bathing the place with a little vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CELANDINE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3431, "lineEnd": 3467 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "sore eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "then may you make into an oil or ointment, which you please, to anoint your sore eyes with", "start": 328, "end": 418, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "sore eyes", "start": 404, "end": 413, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "make into an oil or ointment", "start": 341, "end": 369, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "to anoint your sore eyes", "start": 389, "end": 413, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "make into an oil or ointment", "start": 341, "end": 369, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is an herb of the Sun, and under the Celestial Lion, and is one of the best cures for the eyes; for, all that know any thing in astrology, know that the eyes are subject to the luminaries; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries, applying to this time; let Leo arise, then may you make into an oil or ointment, which you please, to anoint your sore eyes with. I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast milk. It is good in all old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily: The juice often applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such like spreading cankers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon warts, will take them away. The herb with the roots bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, takes away the griping pains of the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother; and applied to women’s breasts stays the overmuch flowing of the courses. The juice or decoction of the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, eases the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose tooth, will cause it to fall out. The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone is not only good against the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever: and if it chance that in a tender body it causes any itchings or inflammations, by bathing the place with a little vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CELANDINE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3431, "lineEnd": 3467 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Anniseeds", "part": "seed", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Anniseeds", "start": 857, "end": 866, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "recipeType": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body", "start": 802, "end": 1081, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body", "start": 891, "end": 1081, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boiled in white Wine", "start": 819, "end": 839, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled in white Wine", "start": 819, "end": 839, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boiled in white Wine and drank", "start": 819, "end": 849, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "boiled in white Wine and drank", "start": 819, "end": 849, "inHeading": false } ], "recipeType": [ { "quote": "a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith", "start": 851, "end": 889, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] This is an herb of the Sun, and under the Celestial Lion, and is one of the best cures for the eyes; for, all that know any thing in astrology, know that the eyes are subject to the luminaries; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries, applying to this time; let Leo arise, then may you make into an oil or ointment, which you please, to anoint your sore eyes with. I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast milk. It is good in all old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily: The juice often applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such like spreading cankers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon warts, will take them away. The herb with the roots bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, takes away the griping pains of the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother; and applied to women’s breasts stays the overmuch flowing of the courses. The juice or decoction of the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, eases the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose tooth, will cause it to fall out. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast milk. It is good in all old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily: The juice often applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such like spreading cankers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon warts, will take them away. The herb with the roots bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, takes away the griping pains of the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother; and applied to women’s breasts stays the overmuch flowing of the courses. The juice or decoction of the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, eases the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose tooth, will cause it to fall out. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. 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I can prove it doth both my own experience, and the experience of those to whom I have taught it, that most desperate sore eyes have been cured by this only medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle? For if this does not absolutely take away the film, it will so facilitate the work, that it might be done without danger. The herb or root boiled in white Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; and often using it, helps the dropsy and the itch, and those who have old sores in their legs, or other parts of the body. The juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singularly good use against the pestilence. The distilled water, with a little sugar and a little good treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) has the same effect. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast milk. It is good in all old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily: The juice often applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such like spreading cankers, will quickly heal them, and rubbed often upon warts, will take them away. The herb with the roots bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, takes away the griping pains of the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother; and applied to women’s breasts stays the overmuch flowing of the courses. The juice or decoction of the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, eases the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose tooth, will cause it to fall out. The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone is not only good against the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever: and if it chance that in a tender body it causes any itchings or inflammations, by bathing the place with a little vinegar it is helped.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CELANDINE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3431, "lineEnd": 3467 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "brimstone", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "brimstone", "start": 2316, "end": 2325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone is not only good against the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever", "start": 2280, "end": 2416, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the itch, but takes away all discolourings of the skin whatsoever", "start": 2351, "end": 2416, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone", "start": 2280, "end": 2325, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juice mixed with some powder of brimstone", "start": 2280, "end": 2325, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:009#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:celandine:009", "text": "Also I have read (and it seems to be somewhat probable) that the herb, being gathered as I shewed before, and the elements draw apart from it by art of the alchymist, and after they are drawn apart rectified, the earthly quality, still in rectifying them, added to the Terra damnata (as Alchymists call it) or Terra Sacratisima (as some philosophers call it) the elements so rectified are sufficient for the cure of all diseases, the humours offending being known and the contrary element given: It is an experiment worth the trying, and can do no harm.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CELANDINE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3488, "lineEnd": 3495 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CELANDINE", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the cure of all diseases", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the herb, being gathered as I shewed before, and the elements draw apart from it by art of the alchymist, and after they are drawn apart rectified, the earthly quality, still in rectifying them, added to the Terra damnata (as Alchymists call it) or Terra Sacratisima (as some philosophers call it) the elements so rectified are sufficient for the cure of all diseases", "start": 61, "end": 428, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CELANDINE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the cure of all diseases", "start": 404, "end": 428, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the elements draw apart from it by art of the alchymist", "start": 110, "end": 165, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars, and behold here another verification of the learning of the ancients, viz. that the virtue of an herb may be known by its signature, as plainly appears in this; for if you dig up the root of it, you shall perceive the perfect image of the disease which they commonly call the piles. It is certain by good experience, that the decoction of the leaves and roots wonderfully helps piles and hæmorrhoids, also kernels by the ears and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "THE LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT AND FOGWORT.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3524, "lineEnd": 3531 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "PILEWORT", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "PILEWORT", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "PILEWORT", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "piles and hæmorrhoids, also kernels by the ears and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the decoction of the leaves and roots wonderfully helps piles and hæmorrhoids, also kernels by the ears and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours", "start": 381, "end": 554, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "PILEWORT", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "piles and hæmorrhoids, also kernels by the ears and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours", "start": 437, "end": 554, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the leaves and roots", "start": 398, "end": 418, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the decoction of the leaves and roots", "start": 381, "end": 418, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the decoction of the leaves and roots", "start": 381, "end": 418, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006", "text": "Here’s another secret for my countrymen and women, a couple of them together; Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or plaister, readily cures both the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil: The very herb borne about one’s body next the skin helps in such diseases, though it never touch the place grieved; let poor people make much of it for those uses; with this I cured my own daughter of the king’s evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of a pint of corruption, cured without any scar at all in one week’s time.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "THE LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT AND FOGWORT.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3533, "lineEnd": 3540 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or plaister, readily cures both the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "start": 78, "end": 193, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "start": 147, "end": 193, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "made into an oil, ointment", "start": 87, "end": 113, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "made into an oil, ointment", "start": 87, "end": 113, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "made into an oil, ointment", "start": 87, "end": 113, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006", "text": "Here’s another secret for my countrymen and women, a couple of them together; Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or plaister, readily cures both the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil: The very herb borne about one’s body next the skin helps in such diseases, though it never touch the place grieved; let poor people make much of it for those uses; with this I cured my own daughter of the king’s evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of a pint of corruption, cured without any scar at all in one week’s time.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "THE LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT AND FOGWORT.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3533, "lineEnd": 3540 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "plaster", "indicationAsWritten": "the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or plaister, readily cures both the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "start": 78, "end": 193, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil", "start": 147, "end": 193, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "ointment, or plaister", "start": 105, "end": 126, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "ointment, or plaister", "start": 105, "end": 126, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:the-lesser-celandine-usually-known-by-the-name-of-pilewort-a:006", "text": "Here’s another secret for my countrymen and women, a couple of them together; Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or plaister, readily cures both the piles, or hæmorrhoids, and the king’s evil: The very herb borne about one’s body next the skin helps in such diseases, though it never touch the place grieved; let poor people make much of it for those uses; with this I cured my own daughter of the king’s evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of a pint of corruption, cured without any scar at all in one week’s time.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "THE LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT AND FOGWORT.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3533, "lineEnd": 3540 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Pilewort", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "such diseases", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The very herb borne about one’s body next the skin helps in such diseases, though it never touch the place grieved", "start": 195, "end": 309, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Pilewort", "start": 78, "end": 86, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "such diseases", "start": 255, "end": 268, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The very herb borne about one’s body", "start": 195, "end": 231, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The very herb borne about one’s body next the skin", "start": 195, "end": 245, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "though it never touch the place grieved", "start": 270, "end": 309, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:clary-or-more-properly-clear-eye:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:clary-or-more-properly-clear-eye:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of the Moon. The seed put into the eyes clears them from motes, and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, as also clears them from white and red spots on them. The mucilage of the seed made with water, and applied to tumours, or swellings, disperses and takes them away; as also draws forth splinters, thorns, or other things gotten into the flesh. The leaves used with vinegar, either by itself, or with a little honey, doth help boils, felons, and the hot inflammation that are gathered by their pains, if applied before it be grown too great. The powder of the dried root put into the nose, provokes sneezing, and thereby purges the head and brain of much rheum and corruption. The seed or leaves taken in wine, provokes to venery. It is of much use both for men and women that have weak backs, and helps to strengthen the reins: used either by itself, or with other herbs conducing to the same effect, and in tansies often. The fresh leaves dipped in a batter of flour, eggs, and a little milk, and fried in butter, and served to the table, is not unpleasant to any, but exceedingly profitable for those that are troubled with weak backs, and the effects thereof. The juice of the herb put into ale or beer, and drank, brings down women’s courses, and expels the after-birth.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CLARY, OR MORE PROPERLY CLEAR-EYE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 3949, "lineEnd": 3968 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CLARY", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CLARY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CLARY", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "clears them from motes, and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, as also clears them from white and red spots on them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The seed put into the eyes clears them from motes, and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, as also clears them from white and red spots on them", "start": 63, "end": 226, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CLARY", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "clears them from motes, and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, as also clears them from white and red spots on them", "start": 90, "end": 226, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The seed put into the eyes", "start": 63, "end": 89, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "put into the eyes", "start": 72, "end": 89, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:clary-or-more-properly-clear-eye:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:clary-or-more-properly-clear-eye:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of the Moon. The seed put into the eyes clears them from motes, and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, as also clears them from white and red spots on them. The mucilage of the seed made with water, and applied to tumours, or swellings, disperses and takes them away; as also draws forth splinters, thorns, or other things gotten into the flesh. The leaves used with vinegar, either by itself, or with a little honey, doth help boils, felons, and the hot inflammation that are gathered by their pains, if applied before it be grown too great. The powder of the dried root put into the nose, provokes sneezing, and thereby purges the head and brain of much rheum and corruption. The seed or leaves taken in wine, provokes to venery. It is of much use both for men and women that have weak backs, and helps to strengthen the reins: used either by itself, or with other herbs conducing to the same effect, and in tansies often. The fresh leaves dipped in a batter of flour, eggs, and a little milk, and fried in butter, and served to the table, is not unpleasant to any, but exceedingly profitable for those that are troubled with weak backs, and the effects thereof. 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The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helps those bitten with an adder, by preserving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drank twice a day, helps the yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the herb, in experience, is found to do the same, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the bleeding. The juice also is very good to close up the lips of green wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed thereupon doth the same, and likewise helps old ulcers. Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. 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The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helps those bitten with an adder, by preserving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drank twice a day, helps the yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the herb, in experience, is found to do the same, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the bleeding. The juice also is very good to close up the lips of green wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed thereupon doth the same, and likewise helps old ulcers. Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. 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The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helps those bitten with an adder, by preserving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drank twice a day, helps the yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the herb, in experience, is found to do the same, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the bleeding. The juice also is very good to close up the lips of green wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed thereupon doth the same, and likewise helps old ulcers. Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. 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The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helps those bitten with an adder, by preserving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drank twice a day, helps the yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the herb, in experience, is found to do the same, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the bleeding. The juice also is very good to close up the lips of green wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed thereupon doth the same, and likewise helps old ulcers. Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. 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The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helps those bitten with an adder, by preserving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drank twice a day, helps the yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the herb, in experience, is found to do the same, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the bleeding. The juice also is very good to close up the lips of green wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed thereupon doth the same, and likewise helps old ulcers. Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helps all sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. 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heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:cleavers:006#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:cleavers:006", "text": "It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten (being first chopped small, and boiled well) in water-gruel, to cleanse the blood, and strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the body in health, and fitting it for that change of season that is coming.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "CLEAVERS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 4050, "lineEnd": 4053 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CLEAVERS", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CLEAVERS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CLEAVERS", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "to cleanse the blood, and strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the body in health, and fitting it for that change of season that is coming", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten (being first chopped small, and boiled well) in water-gruel, to cleanse the blood, and strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the body in health, and fitting it for that change of season that is coming", "start": 0, "end": 241, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CLEAVERS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to cleanse the blood, and strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the body in health, and fitting it for that change of season that is coming", "start": 102, "end": 241, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in water-gruel", "start": 86, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being first chopped small, and boiled well", "start": 42, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "eaten (being first chopped small, and boiled well)", "start": 35, "end": 85, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body", "start": 591, "end": 685, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body", "start": 616, "end": 685, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The leaves of Henbane", "start": 591, "end": 612, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "decoction", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "start": 691, "end": 980, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "start": 711, "end": 980, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The leaves of Henbane", "start": 591, "end": 612, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boiled in wine", "start": 797, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled in wine", "start": 797, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "if they be boiled in wine", "start": 786, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied themselves", "start": 824, "end": 842, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "applied themselves", "start": 824, "end": 842, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "the fomentation warm", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "start": 691, "end": 980, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "the fomentation warm", "start": 847, "end": 867, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause", "start": 711, "end": 980, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The leaves of Henbane", "start": 591, "end": 612, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boiled in wine", "start": 797, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled in wine", "start": 797, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "if they be boiled in wine", "start": 786, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the fomentation warm", "start": 847, "end": 867, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "vinegar" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers", "start": 982, "end": 1087, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers", "start": 1042, "end": 1087, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The leaves of Henbane", "start": 591, "end": 612, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "applied with vinegar", "start": 986, "end": 1006, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples", "start": 986, "end": 1034, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples", "start": 986, "end": 1034, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "does the like", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like", "start": 1089, "end": 1165, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "does the like", "start": 1152, "end": 1165, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice of the herb or seed", "start": 1089, "end": 1118, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juice of the herb or seed", "start": 1089, "end": 1118, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "does the like", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like", "start": 1089, "end": 1165, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "does the like", "start": 1152, "end": 1165, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the oil drawn from the seed", "start": 1123, "end": 1150, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the oil drawn from the seed", "start": 1123, "end": 1150, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "deafness, noise, and worms in the ears", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein", "start": 1167, "end": 1263, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "deafness, noise, and worms in the ears", "start": 1202, "end": 1240, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The oil of the seed", "start": 1167, "end": 1186, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The oil of the seed", "start": 1167, "end": 1186, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being dropped therein", "start": 1242, "end": 1263, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "doth the same", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the juice of the herb or root doth the same", "start": 1265, "end": 1308, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "doth the same", "start": 1295, "end": 1308, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the juice of the herb or root", "start": 1265, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the juice of the herb or root", "start": 1265, "end": 1294, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "kills lice in man or beast", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast", "start": 1310, "end": 1380, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "kills lice in man or beast", "start": 1354, "end": 1380, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 1310, "end": 1335, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 1310, "end": 1335, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Henbane", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "dried", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "inhalation", "indicationAsWritten": "swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "freshOrDried": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof", "start": 1382, "end": 1537, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Henbane", "start": 361, "end": 368, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet", "start": 1449, "end": 1500, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the dried herb, stalks and seed", "start": 1394, "end": 1425, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "the dried herb", "start": 1394, "end": 1408, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "stalks and seed, burned", "start": 1410, "end": 1433, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The fume of the dried herb", "start": 1382, "end": 1408, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "by holding them in the fume thereof", "start": 1502, "end": 1537, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "pine kernels", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "pine kernels", "start": 1631, "end": 1643, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "pine kernels", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "help those that have taken Henbane", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine", "start": 1539, "end": 1660, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "pine kernels", "start": 1631, "end": 1643, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "help those that have taken Henbane", "start": 1553, "end": 1587, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "pine kernels", "start": 1631, "end": 1643, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "with sweet wine", "start": 1645, "end": 1660, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "is to drink", "start": 1588, "end": 1599, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r11", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Fennel seed", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed", "start": 1691, "end": 1702, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Fennel seed", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed", "start": 1691, "end": 1702, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed", "start": 1691, "end": 1702, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r12", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Nettle seed", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Nettle seed", "start": 1704, "end": 1715, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Nettle seed", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Nettle seed", "start": 1704, "end": 1715, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Nettle seed", "start": 1704, "end": 1715, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r13", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "the seed of Cresses", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "the seed of Cresses", "start": 1717, "end": 1736, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "the seed of Cresses", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the seed of Cresses", "start": 1717, "end": 1736, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the seed of Cresses", "start": 1717, "end": 1736, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r14", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Mustard", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Mustard", "start": 1738, "end": 1745, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Mustard", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Mustard", "start": 1738, "end": 1745, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r15", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Radish", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Radish", "start": 1750, "end": 1756, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Radish", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Radish", "start": 1750, "end": 1756, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r16", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 1766, "end": 1772, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 1766, "end": 1772, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "Onions or Garlic taken in wine", "start": 1766, "end": 1796, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Onions or Garlic taken in wine", "start": 1766, "end": 1796, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004#r17", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] I wonder how astrologers could take on them to make this an herb of Jupiter; and yet Mizaldus, a man of a penetrating brain, was of that opinion as well as the rest; the herb is indeed under the dominion of Saturn, and I prove it by this argument: All the herbs which delight most to grow in saturnine places, are saturnine herbs. Both Henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and whole cart loads of it may be found near the places where they empty the common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be found without it growing by it. Ergo, it is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Henbane do cool all hot inflammations in the eyes, or any other part of the body; and are good to assuage all manner of swellings of the privities, or women’s breast, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise from a hot cause. And applied with vinegar to the forehead and temples, helps the head-ache and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the like. The oil of the seed is helpful for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dropped therein; the juice of the herb or root doth the same. The decoction of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fume thereof. The remedy to help those that have taken Henbane is to drink goat’s milk, honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6732, "lineEnd": 6759 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Garlic", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Garlic", "start": 1776, "end": 1782, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Garlic", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Fennel seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses, Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1691, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Garlic", "start": 1776, "end": 1782, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "free them from danger, and restore them to their due temper again", "start": 1813, "end": 1878, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "Garlic taken in wine", "start": 1776, "end": 1796, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Garlic taken in wine", "start": 1776, "end": 1796, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:005", "text": "Take notice, that this herb must never be taken inwardly; outwardly, an oil ointment, or plaister of it, is most admirable for the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6761, "lineEnd": 6765 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "HENBANE", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "HENBANE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "HENBANE", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "outwardly, an oil ointment, or plaister of it, is most admirable for the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "start": 58, "end": 319, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "HENBANE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "start": 127, "end": 319, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "an oil ointment", "start": 69, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "an oil ointment", "start": 69, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "outwardly, an oil ointment", "start": 58, "end": 84, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:005#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:henbane:005", "text": "Take notice, that this herb must never be taken inwardly; outwardly, an oil ointment, or plaister of it, is most admirable for the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HENBANE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6761, "lineEnd": 6765 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "HENBANE", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "HENBANE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "HENBANE", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "plaster", "indicationAsWritten": "the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "outwardly, an oil ointment, or plaister of it, is most admirable for the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "start": 58, "end": 319, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "HENBANE", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the reins in the French pox; to stop the toothache, being applied to the aching side: to allay all inflammations, and to help the diseases before premised", "start": 127, "end": 319, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "or plaister of it", "start": 86, "end": 103, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "or plaister of it", "start": 86, "end": 103, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine", "start": 59, "end": 232, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine", "start": 92, "end": 232, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "works the same effects", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects", "start": 234, "end": 324, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "works the same effects", "start": 302, "end": 324, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the tops of Hops", "start": 251, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the tops of Hops", "start": 234, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the tops of Hops", "start": 234, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin", "start": 326, "end": 553, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin", "start": 367, "end": 553, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "expel poison that any one hath drank", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank", "start": 555, "end": 641, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "expel poison that any one hath drank", "start": 605, "end": 641, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the flowers and hops", "start": 572, "end": 592, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the flowers", "start": 555, "end": 583, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the flowers", "start": 555, "end": 583, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "no", "process": "powder", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine", "start": 643, "end": 763, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine", "start": 693, "end": 763, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the seed in powder", "start": 658, "end": 676, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the seed in powder", "start": 658, "end": 676, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the seed in powder", "start": 658, "end": 676, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken in drink", "start": 677, "end": 691, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "the seed in powder taken in drink", "start": 658, "end": 691, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:hops:005", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mars. This, in physical operations, is to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from gravel, and provoke urine. The decoction of the tops of Hops, as well of the tame as the wild, works the same effects. In cleansing the blood they help to cure the French diseases, and all manner of scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and spreading sores, the morphew and all discolouring of the skin. The decoction of the flowers and hops, do help to expel poison that any one hath drank. Half a dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings down women’s courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood. Both the wild and the manured are of one property, and alike effectual in all the aforesaid diseases. By all these testimonies beer appears to be better than ale.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "HOPS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 6988, "lineEnd": 7004 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "sugar", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "other", "evidence": [ { "quote": "sugar", "start": 795, "end": 800, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Hops", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood", "start": 765, "end": 991, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Hops", "start": 263, "end": 267, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitably given in long and hot agues that rise in choler and blood", "start": 808, "end": 991, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "made of the juice", "start": 773, "end": 790, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A syrup made of the juice and sugar", "start": 765, "end": 800, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and figs, makes a good drink for those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice blown through a quill into the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them. The juice of Liquorice is as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction. The juice distilled in Rose-water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine licking medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "LIQUORICE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 7707, "lineEnd": 7719 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Maiden-hair", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Maiden-hair", "start": 104, "end": 115, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "figs", "start": 120, "end": 124, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Liquorice boiled in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and figs, makes a good drink for those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine", "start": 62, "end": 426, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine", "start": 149, "end": 426, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boiled in fair water", "start": 72, "end": 92, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled in fair water", "start": 72, "end": 92, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boiled in fair water", "start": 72, "end": 92, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "makes a good drink", "start": 126, "end": 144, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; probable (not certain) match to a 1652 entry.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and figs, makes a good drink for those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice blown through a quill into the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them. The juice of Liquorice is as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction. The juice distilled in Rose-water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine licking medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "LIQUORICE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 7707, "lineEnd": 7719 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "none" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The fine powder of Liquorice blown through a quill into the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them", "start": 428, "end": 597, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them", "start": 484, "end": 597, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "blown through a quill into the eyes", "start": 457, "end": 492, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The fine powder of Liquorice", "start": 428, "end": 456, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The fine powder of Liquorice", "start": 428, "end": 456, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "blown through a quill into the eyes", "start": 457, "end": 492, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; probable (not certain) match to a 1652 entry.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and figs, makes a good drink for those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice blown through a quill into the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them. The juice of Liquorice is as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction. The juice distilled in Rose-water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine licking medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "LIQUORICE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 7707, "lineEnd": 7719 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of Liquorice is as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction", "start": 599, "end": 722, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder", "start": 641, "end": 704, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice of Liquorice", "start": 599, "end": 621, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; probable (not certain) match to a 1652 entry.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [ { "field": "part", "from": "juice", "to": "root", "reason": "Culpeper's 'juice of Liquorice' is the Dispensatory's Succus Glycyrrhizæ: a boiled, concentrated root extract", "evidence": "Culpeper 1850 Dispensatory, Succus Glycyrrhizæ simplex (culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s040-rob-or-sapa-and-juices:027), as above.", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "solvent", "from": "unknown", "to": "water", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "heat", "from": "unknown", "to": "boiled", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "process", "from": "unknown", "to": "decoction", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "filtered", "from": "unknown", "to": "yes", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" } ] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:liquorice:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is under the dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and figs, makes a good drink for those that have a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of the breast and lungs, phthisic or consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. It is also good in all pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice blown through a quill into the eyes that have a pin and web (as they call it) or rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse and help them. The juice of Liquorice is as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction. The juice distilled in Rose-water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine licking medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "LIQUORICE.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 7707, "lineEnd": 7719 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Gum Tragacanth", "part": "resin", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Gum Tragacanth", "start": 769, "end": 783, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Liquorice", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "hoarseness, wheezing, &c.", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice distilled in Rose-water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine licking medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c", "start": 724, "end": 840, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Liquorice", "start": 62, "end": 71, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "hoarseness, wheezing, &c", "start": 816, "end": 840, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice distilled in Rose-water", "start": 724, "end": 757, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "distilled in Rose-water", "start": 734, "end": 757, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juice distilled", "start": 724, "end": 743, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The juice distilled", "start": 724, "end": 743, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "a fine licking medicine", "start": 788, "end": 811, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; probable (not certain) match to a 1652 entry.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [ { "field": "part", "from": "juice", "to": "root", "reason": "The juice in rose water is Culpeper's Succus Glycyrrhizæ, a boiled, concentrated water extract of the root (requested 2026-11-06: correct the rose-water recipes the same way). Not changed: process 'distillation' from this edition's wording 'distilled in Rose-water' (the 1652 text says 'dissolved'); the Dispensatory evidence does not settle that wording", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "solvent", "from": "other", "to": "other+water", "reason": "same; the extract is made in water, then put in rose water (other)", "evidence": "as above", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "filtered", "from": "unknown", "to": "yes", "reason": "same", "evidence": "as above ('press it hard out')", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" } ] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "a plague sore", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like", "start": 228, "end": 317, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a plague sore", "start": 263, "end": 276, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 234, "end": 259, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 234, "end": 259, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied to a plague sore", "start": 234, "end": 276, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "being bruised and applied", "start": 234, "end": 259, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses", "start": 319, "end": 457, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses", "start": 372, "end": 457, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "rue", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "rue", "start": 548, "end": 551, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue", "start": 459, "end": 551, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures", "start": 464, "end": 520, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "used with honey and rue", "start": 528, "end": 551, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "increase sperm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "increase sperm, especially the seed of them", "start": 553, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "increase sperm", "start": 553, "end": 567, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "especially the seed of them", "start": 569, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "all night", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "infusion", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "kill worms in children", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night", "start": 598, "end": 703, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "durationText": [ { "quote": "all night", "start": 694, "end": 703, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "kill worms in children", "start": 608, "end": 630, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped", "start": 639, "end": 693, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "steeped all night", "start": 686, "end": 703, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "if they drink the water", "start": 631, "end": 654, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. 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Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "eases the pains and noise of them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them", "start": 1410, "end": 1635, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "eases the pains and noise of them", "start": 1602, "end": 1635, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice of Onions", "start": 1410, "end": 1429, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The juice of Onions", "start": 1410, "end": 1429, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "dropped in the ears", "start": 1581, "end": 1600, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002#r13", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:002", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns them, and they have gotten this quality, to draw any corruption to them, for if you peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and applied to a plague sore, it is very probable it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or windy; yet they do somewhat provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and bowels, provoke women’s courses, help the biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous creatures, to be used with honey and rue, increase sperm, especially the seed of them. They also kill worms in children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate the cough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up into the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating them is said to procure pains in the head.) It hath been held by divers country people a great preservative against infection, to eat Onions fasting with bread and salt: As also to make a great Onion hollow, filling the place with good treacle, and after to roast it well under the embers, which, after taking away the outermost skin thereof, being beaten together, is a sovereign salve for either plague or sore, or any other putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is good for either scalding or burning by fire, water, or gunpowder, and used with vinegar, takes away all blemishes, spots and marks in the skin: and dropped in the ears, eases the pains and noise of them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9245, "lineEnd": 9270 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "figs", "start": 1655, "end": 1659, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Onions", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores", "start": 1637, "end": 1730, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Onions", "start": 319, "end": 325, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to ripen and break imposthumes, and other sores", "start": 1683, "end": 1730, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "with figs beaten together", "start": 1650, "end": 1675, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "with figs beaten together", "start": 1650, "end": 1675, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Applied also with figs beaten together", "start": 1637, "end": 1675, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "Applied also with figs beaten together", "start": 1637, "end": 1675, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:003#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Leeks are as like them in quality, as the pome-water is like an apple: They are a remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms, being baked under the embers and taken, and being boiled and applied very warm, help the piles. In other things they have the same property as the Onions, although not so effectual.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9272, "lineEnd": 9276 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Leeks", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Leeks", "start": 0, "end": 5, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Leeks", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "warm", "heatText": "baked under the embers", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a surfeit of mushrooms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "They are a remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms, being baked under the embers and taken", "start": 71, "end": 159, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Leeks", "start": 0, "end": 5, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "baked under the embers", "start": 127, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a surfeit of mushrooms", "start": 97, "end": 119, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being baked under the embers", "start": 121, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "being baked under the embers", "start": 121, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:003#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:onions:003", "text": "Leeks are as like them in quality, as the pome-water is like an apple: They are a remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms, being baked under the embers and taken, and being boiled and applied very warm, help the piles. In other things they have the same property as the Onions, although not so effectual.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "ONIONS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9272, "lineEnd": 9276 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Leeks", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Leeks", "start": 0, "end": 5, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Leeks", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "applied very warm", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "the piles", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "being boiled and applied very warm, help the piles", "start": 165, "end": 215, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Leeks", "start": 0, "end": 5, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "applied very warm", "start": 182, "end": 199, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the piles", "start": 206, "end": 215, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being boiled and applied very warm", "start": 165, "end": 199, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "being boiled and applied", "start": 165, "end": 189, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "being boiled and applied", "start": 165, "end": 189, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body", "start": 45, "end": 294, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body", "start": 114, "end": 294, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of Ground Pine", "start": 45, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of Ground Pine", "start": 45, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The decoction of Ground Pine drank", "start": 45, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "figs", "start": 400, "end": 404, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "gently opens the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs", "start": 273, "end": 404, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "gently opens the body", "start": 273, "end": 294, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "pills with the powder thereof", "start": 353, "end": 382, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "to make pills", "start": 345, "end": 358, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth", "start": 406, "end": 562, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth", "start": 428, "end": 562, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "start": 721, "end": 931, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "start": 847, "end": 931, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "the herb in wine", "start": 738, "end": 754, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 721, "end": 746, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 721, "end": 746, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken inwardly", "start": 755, "end": 769, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "start": 721, "end": 931, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "start": 847, "end": 931, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "the herb in wine", "start": 738, "end": 754, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 721, "end": 746, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The decoction of the herb", "start": 721, "end": 746, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hermodactyls", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hermodactyls", "start": 1001, "end": 1013, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Venice Turpentine", "part": "resin", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Venice Turpentine", "start": 1019, "end": 1036, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual", "start": 826, "end": 1055, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches", "start": 847, "end": 931, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "powder of Ground Pine", "start": 971, "end": 992, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "the pills made with powder", "start": 951, "end": 977, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Hermodactyls", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Hermodactyls", "start": 1001, "end": 1013, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Venice Turpentine", "part": "resin", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Venice Turpentine", "start": 1019, "end": 1036, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "powder", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts", "start": 1057, "end": 1216, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts", "start": 1119, "end": 1216, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "powder of Ground Pine", "start": 971, "end": 992, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The pills also", "start": 1057, "end": 1071, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning", "start": 1218, "end": 1556, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough", "start": 1232, "end": 1527, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "all the purposes aforesaid", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual", "start": 1558, "end": 1661, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all the purposes aforesaid", "start": 1562, "end": 1588, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "tunned up in new drink", "start": 1605, "end": 1627, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "in new drink and drank", "start": 1615, "end": 1637, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "distillation", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "hath the same effects", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly", "start": 1716, "end": 1786, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "hath the same effects", "start": 1748, "end": 1769, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The distilled water of the herb", "start": 1716, "end": 1747, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The distilled water", "start": 1716, "end": 1735, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The distilled water", "start": 1716, "end": 1735, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "flower", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "flower", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy", "start": 1788, "end": 1879, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy", "start": 1816, "end": 1879, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The conserve of the flowers", "start": 1788, "end": 1815, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The conserve of the flowers", "start": 1788, "end": 1815, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The conserve of the flowers", "start": 1788, "end": 1815, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r11", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "fresh", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "freshOrDried": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "start": 1881, "end": 2039, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "start": 1938, "end": 2039, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "The green herb", "start": 1881, "end": 1895, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied", "start": 1881, "end": 1936, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied", "start": 1881, "end": 1936, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied", "start": 1881, "end": 1936, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r12", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "start": 1881, "end": 2039, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body", "start": 1938, "end": 2039, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the decoction thereof", "start": 1900, "end": 1921, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "the decoction thereof, being applied", "start": 1900, "end": 1936, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r13", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "fresh", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "unknown", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "freshOrDried": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "start": 2041, "end": 2261, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "start": 2117, "end": 2261, "inHeading": false } ], "freshOrDried": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied", "start": 2041, "end": 2068, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied", "start": 2041, "end": 2068, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied", "start": 2041, "end": 2068, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied", "start": 2041, "end": 2068, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004#r14", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:ground-pine-or-chamepitys:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Mars owns the herb. The decoction of Ground Pine drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising from the diseases of the reins and urine, and is especially good for all obstructions of the liver and spleen, and gently opens the body; for which purpose they were wont in former times to make pills with the powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. It marvellously helps all the diseases of the mother, inwardly or outwardly applied, procuring women’s courses, and expelling the dead child and after-birth; yea, it is so powerful upon those feminine parts, that it is utterly forbidden for women with child, for it will cause abortion or delivery before the time. The decoction of the herb in wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for some time together, is also effectual in all pains and diseases of the joints, as gouts, cramps, palsies, sciatica, and aches; for which purpose the pills made with powder of Ground Pine, and of Hermodactyls with Venice Turpentine are very effectual. The pills also, continued for some time, are special good for those that have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts. It helps also all diseases of the brain, proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and distillations, as also for the falling sickness. It is a special remedy for the poison of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs, as also against the stinging of any venomous creature. It is a good remedy for a cold cough, especially in the beginning. For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb being tunned up in new drink and drank, is almost as effectual, but far more acceptable to weak and dainty stomachs. The distilled water of the herb hath the same effects, but more weakly. The conserve of the flowers doth the like, which Matthiolus much commends against the palsy. The green herb, or the decoction thereof, being applied, dissolves the hardness of women’s breasts, and all other hard swellings in any other part of the body. The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also. Let pregnant women forbear, for it works violently upon the feminine part.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 9931, "lineEnd": 9964 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Ground Pine", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The green herb also applied, or the juice thereof with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "start": 2041, "end": 2261, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Ground Pine", "start": 62, "end": 73, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "cleanses putrid, stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up the lips of green wounds in any part also", "start": 2117, "end": 2261, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the juice thereof", "start": 2073, "end": 2090, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "the juice thereof with some honey", "start": 2073, "end": 2106, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "the juice thereof with some honey", "start": 2073, "end": 2106, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites", "start": 62, "end": 163, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites", "start": 76, "end": 163, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "flower", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "flower", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves", "start": 165, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart", "start": 179, "end": 255, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "some use the flowers", "start": 275, "end": 295, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "leaf", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "leaf", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves", "start": 165, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart", "start": 179, "end": 255, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "and some the leaves", "start": 297, "end": 316, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "those that are troubled with the cholic", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic", "start": 318, "end": 375, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "those that are troubled with the cholic", "start": 336, "end": 375, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine", "honey" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "taken warm", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "it opens the belly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly", "start": 377, "end": 454, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "taken warm", "start": 424, "end": 434, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "it opens the belly", "start": 436, "end": 454, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "being boiled in wine", "start": 377, "end": 397, "inHeading": false }, { "quote": "with a little honey", "start": 403, "end": 422, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "being boiled in wine", "start": 377, "end": 397, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "being boiled in wine", "start": 377, "end": 397, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "with a little honey, taken warm", "start": 403, "end": 434, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "stays the flux of the belly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly", "start": 456, "end": 521, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "stays the flux of the belly", "start": 494, "end": 521, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boiled in red wine", "start": 460, "end": 478, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled in red wine", "start": 460, "end": 478, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boiled in red wine, and drank", "start": 460, "end": 489, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "boiled in red wine, and drank", "start": 460, "end": 489, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts", "start": 523, "end": 693, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts", "start": 551, "end": 693, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:queen-of-the-meadows-meadow-sweet-or-mead-sweet:004", "text": "Government and virtues.] Venus claims dominion over the herb. It is used to stay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courses, also their whites: It is said to alter and take away the fits of the quartan agues, and to make a merry heart, for which purpose some use the flowers, and some the leaves. It helps speedily those that are troubled with the cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly; but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays the flux of the belly. Outwardly applied, it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or hollow fistulous, for which it is by many much commended, as also for the sores in the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when they are full grown, being laid on the skin, will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "QUEEN OF THE MEADOWS, MEADOW SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 10386, "lineEnd": 10398 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "MEADOW SWEET", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the heat and inflammation in the eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The water thereof helps the heat and inflammation in the eyes", "start": 820, "end": 881, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "MEADOW SWEET", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the heat and inflammation in the eyes", "start": 844, "end": 881, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "The water thereof", "start": 820, "end": 837, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is an herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therefore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly. Let not above ten grains be given at one time, for the Sun, which is the fountain of light, may dazzle the eyes, and make them blind; a cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity, hurts the heart instead of helping it. It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice. My opinion is, (but I have no author for it) that hermodactyls are nothing else but the roots of Saffron dried; and my reason is, that the roots of all crocus, both white and yellow, purge phlegm as hermodactyls do; and if you please to dry the roots of any crocus, neither your eyes nor your taste shall distinguish them from hermodactyls.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "SAFFRON.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 11285, "lineEnd": 11299 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 789, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "start": 85, "end": 157, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 789, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "strengthens the heart so exceedingly", "start": 121, "end": 157, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is an herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therefore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly. Let not above ten grains be given at one time, for the Sun, which is the fountain of light, may dazzle the eyes, and make them blind; a cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity, hurts the heart instead of helping it. It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice. My opinion is, (but I have no author for it) that hermodactyls are nothing else but the roots of Saffron dried; and my reason is, that the roots of all crocus, both white and yellow, purge phlegm as hermodactyls do; and if you please to dry the roots of any crocus, neither your eyes nor your taste shall distinguish them from hermodactyls.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "SAFFRON.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 11285, "lineEnd": 11299 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 789, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Saffron", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice", "start": 381, "end": 690, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Saffron", "start": 789, "end": 796, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice", "start": 381, "end": 690, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:saffron:003", "text": "Government and virtues.] It is an herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and therefore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the heart so exceedingly. Let not above ten grains be given at one time, for the Sun, which is the fountain of light, may dazzle the eyes, and make them blind; a cordial being taken in an immoderate quantity, hurts the heart instead of helping it. It quickens the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-pox, and measles. It is a notable expulsive medicine, and a notable remedy for the yellow jaundice. My opinion is, (but I have no author for it) that hermodactyls are nothing else but the roots of Saffron dried; and my reason is, that the roots of all crocus, both white and yellow, purge phlegm as hermodactyls do; and if you please to dry the roots of any crocus, neither your eyes nor your taste shall distinguish them from hermodactyls.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "SAFFRON.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 11285, "lineEnd": 11299 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "crocus", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "crocus", "start": 844, "end": 850, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "crocus", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "purge phlegm", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the roots of all crocus, both white and yellow, purge phlegm as hermodactyls do", "start": 827, "end": 906, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "crocus", "start": 844, "end": 850, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "purge phlegm", "start": 875, "end": 887, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the roots of all crocus", "start": 827, "end": 850, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002", "text": "Sea Wormwood hath gotten as many names as virtues, (and perhaps one more) Seriphian, Santomeon, Belchion, Narbinense, Hantonicon, Misneule, and a matter of twenty more which I shall not blot paper withal. A papist got the toy by the end, and he called it Holy Wormwood; and in truth I am opinion, their giving so much holiness to herbs, is the reason there remains so little in themselves. The seed of this Wormwood is that which women usually give their children for the worms. Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest, but Doctors commend it, and apothecaries sell it; the one must keep his credit, and the other get money, and that is the key of the work. The herb is good for something, because God made nothing in vain: Will you give me leave to weigh things in the balance of reason; Then thus: The seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the seed of this, to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age; of both some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormwood is the weakest, and haply may prove to be fittest for the weak bodies, (for it is weak enough of all conscience.) Let such as are strong take the common Wormwood, for the others will do but little good. Again, near the sea many people live, and Seriphian grows near them, and therefore is more fitting for their bodies, because nourished by the same air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose body Dr. Reason dwells not, dwells Dr. Madness, and he brings in his brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam’s fall; pride begat a daughter, I do not know the father of it, unless the devil, but she christened it, and called it Appetite, and sent her daughter to taste these wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the squeamish wench extol it to the skies, though the virtues of it never reached the middle region of the air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fittest for weak bodies, and fitter for those bodies that dwell near it, than those that dwell far from it; my reason is, the sea (those that live far from it, know when they come near it) casts not such a smell as the land doth. The tender mercies of God being over all his works, hath by his eternal Providence, planted Seriphian by the seaside, as a fit medicine for the bodies of those that live near it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the course of nature, that the liver delights in sweet things, if so, it abhors bitter; then if your liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an enemy. If the liver be weak, a consumption follows; would you know the reason? It is this, A man’s flesh is repaired by blood, by a third concoction, which transmutes the blood into flesh, it is well I said, (concoction) say I, if I had said (boiling) every cook would have understood me. The liver makes blood, and if it be weakened that if it makes not enough, the flesh wastes; and why must flesh always be renewed? Because the eternal God, when he made the creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another; and why did he so? Because himself only is permanent; to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but what endures for ever. The result of this is, if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough, I would have said, Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, the Seriphian, which is the weakest of Wormwoods, is better than the best. I have been critical enough, if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "intro", "lineStart": 13470, "lineEnd": 13521 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Sea Wormwood", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Sea Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Sea Wormwood", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "for the worms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The seed of this Wormwood is that which women usually give their children for the worms", "start": 390, "end": 477, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Sea Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 12, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "for the worms", "start": 464, "end": 477, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The seed of this Wormwood", "start": 390, "end": 415, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002", "text": "Sea Wormwood hath gotten as many names as virtues, (and perhaps one more) Seriphian, Santomeon, Belchion, Narbinense, Hantonicon, Misneule, and a matter of twenty more which I shall not blot paper withal. A papist got the toy by the end, and he called it Holy Wormwood; and in truth I am opinion, their giving so much holiness to herbs, is the reason there remains so little in themselves. The seed of this Wormwood is that which women usually give their children for the worms. Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest, but Doctors commend it, and apothecaries sell it; the one must keep his credit, and the other get money, and that is the key of the work. The herb is good for something, because God made nothing in vain: Will you give me leave to weigh things in the balance of reason; Then thus: The seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the seed of this, to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age; of both some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormwood is the weakest, and haply may prove to be fittest for the weak bodies, (for it is weak enough of all conscience.) Let such as are strong take the common Wormwood, for the others will do but little good. Again, near the sea many people live, and Seriphian grows near them, and therefore is more fitting for their bodies, because nourished by the same air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose body Dr. Reason dwells not, dwells Dr. Madness, and he brings in his brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam’s fall; pride begat a daughter, I do not know the father of it, unless the devil, but she christened it, and called it Appetite, and sent her daughter to taste these wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the squeamish wench extol it to the skies, though the virtues of it never reached the middle region of the air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fittest for weak bodies, and fitter for those bodies that dwell near it, than those that dwell far from it; my reason is, the sea (those that live far from it, know when they come near it) casts not such a smell as the land doth. The tender mercies of God being over all his works, hath by his eternal Providence, planted Seriphian by the seaside, as a fit medicine for the bodies of those that live near it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the course of nature, that the liver delights in sweet things, if so, it abhors bitter; then if your liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an enemy. If the liver be weak, a consumption follows; would you know the reason? It is this, A man’s flesh is repaired by blood, by a third concoction, which transmutes the blood into flesh, it is well I said, (concoction) say I, if I had said (boiling) every cook would have understood me. The liver makes blood, and if it be weakened that if it makes not enough, the flesh wastes; and why must flesh always be renewed? Because the eternal God, when he made the creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another; and why did he so? Because himself only is permanent; to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but what endures for ever. The result of this is, if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough, I would have said, Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, the Seriphian, which is the weakest of Wormwoods, is better than the best. I have been critical enough, if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "intro", "lineStart": 13470, "lineEnd": 13521 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "common Wormwood", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "common Wormwood", "start": 830, "end": 845, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "common Wormwood", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the seed of this, to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age", "start": 813, "end": 941, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "common Wormwood", "start": 830, "end": 845, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age", "start": 892, "end": 941, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The seeds of the common Wormwood", "start": 813, "end": 845, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:002", "text": "Sea Wormwood hath gotten as many names as virtues, (and perhaps one more) Seriphian, Santomeon, Belchion, Narbinense, Hantonicon, Misneule, and a matter of twenty more which I shall not blot paper withal. A papist got the toy by the end, and he called it Holy Wormwood; and in truth I am opinion, their giving so much holiness to herbs, is the reason there remains so little in themselves. The seed of this Wormwood is that which women usually give their children for the worms. Of all Wormwoods that grow here, this is the weakest, but Doctors commend it, and apothecaries sell it; the one must keep his credit, and the other get money, and that is the key of the work. The herb is good for something, because God made nothing in vain: Will you give me leave to weigh things in the balance of reason; Then thus: The seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the seed of this, to expel worms in children, or people of ripe age; of both some are weak, some are strong. The Seriphian Wormwood is the weakest, and haply may prove to be fittest for the weak bodies, (for it is weak enough of all conscience.) Let such as are strong take the common Wormwood, for the others will do but little good. Again, near the sea many people live, and Seriphian grows near them, and therefore is more fitting for their bodies, because nourished by the same air; and this I had from Dr. Reason. In whose body Dr. Reason dwells not, dwells Dr. Madness, and he brings in his brethren, Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sickness, and these together make way for Death, and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning. Pride was the cause of Adam’s fall; pride begat a daughter, I do not know the father of it, unless the devil, but she christened it, and called it Appetite, and sent her daughter to taste these wormwoods, who finding this the least bitter, made the squeamish wench extol it to the skies, though the virtues of it never reached the middle region of the air. Its due praise is this; It is weakest, therefore fittest for weak bodies, and fitter for those bodies that dwell near it, than those that dwell far from it; my reason is, the sea (those that live far from it, know when they come near it) casts not such a smell as the land doth. The tender mercies of God being over all his works, hath by his eternal Providence, planted Seriphian by the seaside, as a fit medicine for the bodies of those that live near it. Lastly, It is known to all that know any thing in the course of nature, that the liver delights in sweet things, if so, it abhors bitter; then if your liver be weak, it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an enemy. If the liver be weak, a consumption follows; would you know the reason? It is this, A man’s flesh is repaired by blood, by a third concoction, which transmutes the blood into flesh, it is well I said, (concoction) say I, if I had said (boiling) every cook would have understood me. The liver makes blood, and if it be weakened that if it makes not enough, the flesh wastes; and why must flesh always be renewed? Because the eternal God, when he made the creation, made one part of it in continual dependency upon another; and why did he so? Because himself only is permanent; to teach us, That we should not fix our affections upon what is transitory, but what endures for ever. The result of this is, if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough, I would have said, Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, the Seriphian, which is the weakest of Wormwoods, is better than the best. I have been critical enough, if not too much.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "intro", "lineStart": 13470, "lineEnd": 13521 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphian", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Seriphian", "start": 74, "end": 83, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Seriphian", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough, I would have said, Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, the Seriphian, which is the weakest of Wormwoods, is better than the best", "start": 3368, "end": 3557, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Seriphian", "start": 74, "end": 83, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "if the liver be weak, and cannot make blood enough", "start": 3368, "end": 3418, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:006#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:006", "text": "Roman Wormwood; and why Roman, seeing it grows familiarly in England? It may be so called, because it is good for a stinking breath, which the Romans cannot be very free from, maintaining so many bad houses by authority of his Holiness.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "descript", "lineStart": 13536, "lineEnd": 13539 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Roman Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Roman Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 14, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Roman Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a stinking breath", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It may be so called, because it is good for a stinking breath", "start": 70, "end": 131, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Roman Wormwood", "start": 0, "end": 14, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a stinking breath", "start": 114, "end": 131, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this", "start": 468, "end": 922, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice", "start": 480, "end": 912, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "flower", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Rosemary", "part": "flower", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Rosemary", "start": 1236, "end": 1244, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Black Thorn", "part": "flower", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Black Thorn", "start": 1250, "end": 1261, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "saffron", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "saffron", "start": 1310, "end": 1317, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "flower", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "to keep a man’s body in health", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health", "start": 1203, "end": 1444, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "to keep a man’s body in health", "start": 1414, "end": 1444, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the flowers of Wormwood", "start": 1211, "end": 1234, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "boil this in Rhenish wine", "start": 1319, "end": 1344, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boil this in Rhenish wine", "start": 1319, "end": 1344, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "boil this in Rhenish wine", "start": 1319, "end": 1344, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "provokes the terms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms", "start": 1534, "end": 1579, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "provokes the terms", "start": 1561, "end": 1579, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the biting of rats and mice", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice", "start": 2421, "end": 2504, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the biting of rats and mice", "start": 2477, "end": 2504, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "poisoned himself by eating them", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him", "start": 2672, "end": 2753, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "poisoned himself by eating them", "start": 2684, "end": 2715, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r05", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps", "start": 2878, "end": 2986, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings", "start": 2878, "end": 2952, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r06", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "all diseases in the throat", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one)", "start": 3714, "end": 3791, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "all diseases in the throat", "start": 3730, "end": 3756, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r07", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure", "start": 4261, "end": 4406, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion", "start": 4278, "end": 4353, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r08", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "scabs and itch", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had", "start": 5132, "end": 5400, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "scabs and itch", "start": 5162, "end": 5176, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r09", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the cholic", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it", "start": 5699, "end": 5985, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the cholic", "start": 5718, "end": 5728, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010#r10", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:010", "text": "Government and virtues.] Will you give me leave to be critical a little? I must take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars, and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside the bridge; I prove it thus: What delights in martial places, is a martial herb; but Wormwood delights in martial places (for about forges and iron works you may gather a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb. It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz. just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It remedies the evils choler can inflict on the body of man by sympathy. It helps the evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, by antipathy; and it doth something else besides. It cleanses the body of choler (who dares say Mars doth no good?) It provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, because Mars rules the attractive faculty in man: The sun never shone upon a better herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did God make creatures to do the creation a mischief? This herb testifies, that Mars is willing to cure all diseases he causes; the truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, of each a like quantity, half that quantity of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled; This is the way to keep a man’s body in health, appointed by Camerarius, in his book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood provokes the terms. I would willingly teach astrologers, and make them physicians (if I knew how) for they are most fitting for the calling; if you will not believe me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, a couple of gentlemen that our college of physicians keep to vapour with, not to follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pattern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, yet as near the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone: Whereby, my brethren, the astrologers may know by a penny how a shilling is coined: As for the college of physicians, they are too stately to college or too proud to continue. They say a mouse is under the dominion of the Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the night; the house of the Moon is Cancer; rats are of the same nature with mice, but they are a little bigger; Mars receives his fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the biting of rats and mice. Mushrooms (I cannot give them the title of Herba, Frutex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of Saturn, (and take one time with another, they do as much harm as good;) if any have poisoned himself by eating them, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, because Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you love him, and as you hate him) will not break your head, but he will give you a plaister. If he do but teach you to know yourselves, his courtesy is greater than his discourtesy. The greatest antipathy between the planets, is between Mars and Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the other moist; their houses are opposite, one masculine, the other feminine; one public, the other private; one is valiant, the other effeminate; one loves the light, the other hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets; then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy lies in the throat, and is an inflammation there; Venus rules the throat, (it being under Taurus her sign.) Mars eradicates all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt on an errand never to return more, this done by antipathy. The eyes are under the Luminaries; the right eye of a man, and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims dominion over: the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, are privileges of the Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars cures both; what belongs to the Sun by sympathy, because he is exalted in his house; but what belongs to the Moon by antipathy, because he hath his fall in hers. Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornet, a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives you a present cure; that Mars, choleric as he is, hath learned that patience, to pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells you by my pen, That he gives you no affliction, but he gives you a cure; you need not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius; and if he was so choleric as you make him to be, he would have drawn his sword for anger, to see the ill conditions of these people that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. The eternal God, when he made Mars, made him for public good, and the sons of men shall know it in the latter end of the world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Wormwood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, neither rats nor mice touch the paper written with it, and then Mars is a preserver. Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and itch, and the virgins are angry with him, because wanton Venus told them he deforms their skins; but, quoth Mars, my only desire is, they should know themselves; my herb Wormwood will restore them to the beauty they formerly had, and in that I will not come an inch behind my opposite, Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he that takes away an innate beauty, and when he has done, knows how to restore it again? or she that teaches a company of wanton lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes the cholic (it is well God hath set some body to pull down the pride of man.) He in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, but them that know not themselves (for who knows himself, may easily know all the world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a present cure for it; and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good, or hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had almost forgotten, that charity thinks no evil. I was once in the Tower and viewed the wardrobe, and there was a great many fine clothes: (I can give them no other title, for I was never either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as they looked, my opinion was that the moths might consume them; moths are under the dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood being laid among cloaths, will make a moth scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is angry, and it is true enough he is angry with many countrymen, for being such fools to be led by the noses by the college of physicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden. Melancholy men cannot endure to be wronged in point of good fame, and that doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they call him the greatest infortunate; in the body of man he rules the spleen, (and that makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man: Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so Mars cured him by sympathy. When Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be fighting, and is the best friend a soldier hath) I say, when Mars was free from war, he called a council of war in his own brain, to know how he should do poor sinful man good, desiring to forget his abuses in being called an infortunate. He musters up his own forces, and places them in battalia. Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor silly man or woman? His angel answers him, It is because they have offended their God, (Look back to Adam:) Well, says Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will do good to them; Death’s cold, my herb shall heat them: they are full of ill humours (else they would never have spoken ill of me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry them; they are poor weak creatures, my herb shall strengthen them; they are dull witted, my herb shall fortify their apprehensions; and yet among astrologers all this does not deserve a good word: Oh the patience of Mars!", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13555, "lineEnd": 13674 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "lies crying out of his left side", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the poor old man lies crying out of his left side. Father Saturn’s angry, Mars comes to him; Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken of, and so am I; thou knowest I have my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man", "start": 7025, "end": 7286, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 92, "end": 100, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "lies crying out of his left side", "start": 7042, "end": 7074, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014#r00", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her, What was the reason that she accused him for abusing women? He never gave them the pox. In the dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. Once a month he meets with the Moon. Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand, (neither are most women.) The Moon looks much after children, and children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood. He had no sooner parted with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, and be drunk? I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are under Jupiter; and if the lungs then the breath; and though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities by antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in women’s tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13686, "lineEnd": 13715 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "children are much troubled with the worms", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood", "start": 484, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "children are much troubled with the worms", "start": 484, "end": 525, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014#r01", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her, What was the reason that she accused him for abusing women? He never gave them the pox. In the dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. Once a month he meets with the Moon. Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand, (neither are most women.) The Moon looks much after children, and children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood. He had no sooner parted with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, and be drunk? I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are under Jupiter; and if the lungs then the breath; and though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities by antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in women’s tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13686, "lineEnd": 13715 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking", "start": 755, "end": 860, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking", "start": 818, "end": 860, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014#r02", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her, What was the reason that she accused him for abusing women? He never gave them the pox. In the dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. Once a month he meets with the Moon. Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand, (neither are most women.) The Moon looks much after children, and children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood. He had no sooner parted with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, and be drunk? I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are under Jupiter; and if the lungs then the breath; and though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities by antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in women’s tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13686, "lineEnd": 13715 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "an ague", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood", "start": 862, "end": 1066, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "an ague", "start": 895, "end": 902, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014#r03", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her, What was the reason that she accused him for abusing women? He never gave them the pox. In the dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. Once a month he meets with the Moon. Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand, (neither are most women.) The Moon looks much after children, and children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood. He had no sooner parted with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, and be drunk? I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are under Jupiter; and if the lungs then the breath; and though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities by antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in women’s tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13686, "lineEnd": 13715 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "other" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "a stinking breath", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning", "start": 1201, "end": 1555, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a stinking breath", "start": 1229, "end": 1246, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "a draught of Wormwood beer", "start": 1515, "end": 1541, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer", "start": 1501, "end": 1541, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014#r04", "sourceId": "culpeper-1850", "passage": { "passageId": "culpeper-1850:herbal:wormwood:014", "text": "The other day Mars told me he met with Venus, and he asked her, What was the reason that she accused him for abusing women? He never gave them the pox. In the dispute they fell out, and in anger parted, and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. Once a month he meets with the Moon. Mars is quick enough of speech, and the Moon not much behind hand, (neither are most women.) The Moon looks much after children, and children are much troubled with the worms; she desired a medicine of him, he bid her take his own herb, Wormwood. He had no sooner parted with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, and be drunk? I’ll give thee antipathetical cure; Take my herb Wormwood, and thou shall never get a surfeit by drinking. A poor silly countryman hath got an ague, and cannot go about his business: he wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are under Jupiter; and if the lungs then the breath; and though sometimes a man gets a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a fortune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent thee a couple of trines to thy house last night, the one from Aries, and the other from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of Wormwood beer every morning. The Moon was weak the other day, and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities by antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I cannot agree; with that the Moon began to quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in women’s tongues) went away, and did it whether she would or no.", "location": { "part": "herbal", "book": null, "chapter": null, "entry": "WORMWOOD.", "subsection": "government and virtues", "lineStart": 13686, "lineEnd": 13715 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a dull brain and a weak sight", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "she gave a man two terrible mischiefs, a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid by his sword, and comes to her; Sister Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee, but I beseech thee take notice he is but a fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb wormwood cure him of both infirmities", "start": 1594, "end": 1882, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Wormwood", "start": 588, "end": 596, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a dull brain and a weak sight", "start": 1633, "end": 1662, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": "1850 Kelly edition; heading matches the 1652 text, but wording may differ.", "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c008:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c008:001", "text": "There is another variety of the wild gourd, known as the “colocynthis:” this kind is full of seeds, but not so large as the cultivated one. The pale colocynthis is better than those of a grass-green colour. Employed by itself when dried, it acts as a very powerful purgative; used as an injection, it is a remedy for all diseases of the intestines, the kidneys, and the loins, as well as for paralysis. The seed being first removed, it is boiled down in hydromel to one half; after which it is used as an injection, with perfect safety, in doses of four oboli. It is good, too, for the stomach, taken in pills composed of the dried powder and boiled honey. 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The pale colocynthis is better than those of a grass-green colour. Employed by itself when dried, it acts as a very powerful purgative; used as an injection, it is a remedy for all diseases of the intestines, the kidneys, and the loins, as well as for paralysis. The seed being first removed, it is boiled down in hydromel to one half; after which it is used as an injection, with perfect safety, in doses of four oboli. It is good, too, for the stomach, taken in pills composed of the dried powder and boiled honey. 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Rubbed in with oil, it removes pains of the spine, loins, and hips: in addition to which, really a marvellous thing to speak of! the seeds of it, in even numbers, attached to the body in a linen cloth, will cure, it is said, the fevers to which the Greeks have given the name of “periodic.” The juice, too, of the cultivated gourd shred in pieces, applied warm, is good for ear-ache, and the flesh of the inside, used without the seed, for corns on the feet and the suppurations known to the Greeks as “apostemata.” When the pulp and seeds are boiled together, the decoction is good for strengthening loose teeth, and for preventing toothache; wine, too, boiled with this plant, is curative of defluxions of the eyes. The leaves of it, bruised with fresh cypress-leaves, or the leaves alone, boiled in a vessel of potters’ clay and beaten up with goose-grease, and then applied to the part affected, are an excellent cure for wounds. Fresh shavings of the rind are used as a cooling application for gout, and burning pains in the head, in infants more particularly; they are good, too, for erysipelas, whether it is the shavings of the rind or the seeds of the plant that are applied to the part affected. The juice of the scrapings, employed as a liniment with rose-oil and vinegar, moderates the burning heats of fevers; and the ashes of the dried fruit applied to burns are efficacious in a most remarkable degree.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "8", "entry": "THE COLOCYNTHIS: TEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 8440, "lineEnd": 8463 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "COLOCYNTHIS", "part": "fruit", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "COLOCYNTHIS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 35, "end": 43, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "salt", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "salt", "start": 48, "end": 52, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "COLOCYNTHIS", "part": "fruit", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "toothache", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The pulp of this fruit, taken with wormwood and salt, is a remedy for toothache", "start": 0, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "COLOCYNTHIS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "toothache", "start": 70, "end": 79, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The pulp of this fruit", "start": 0, "end": 22, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c008:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c008:002", "text": "The pulp of this fruit, taken with wormwood and salt, is a remedy for toothache, and the juice of it, warmed with vinegar, has the effect of strengthening loose teeth. 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Democritus regards them, taken with the food, as an aphrodisiac; and it is for this reason, perhaps, that some persons have spoken of them as being injurious to the voice. 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Democritus regards them, taken with the food, as an aphrodisiac; and it is for this reason, perhaps, that some persons have spoken of them as being injurious to the voice. 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For dulness of hearing, too, radish-juice is injected into the ear. To promote vomiting, it is extremely beneficial to eat radishes fasting.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "13", "entry": "THE CULTIVATED RADISH: FORTY-THREE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 8602, "lineEnd": 8606 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "radishes", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "radishes", "start": 5, "end": 13, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "radishes", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "To promote vomiting", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "To promote vomiting, it is extremely beneficial to eat radishes fasting", "start": 235, "end": 306, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "radishes", "start": 5, "end": 13, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "To promote vomiting", "start": 235, "end": 254, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "to eat radishes fasting", "start": 283, "end": 306, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c076:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c076:001", "text": "We have already stated that there are three varieties of the cultivated poppy, and, on the same occasion, we promised to describe the wild kinds. With reference to the cultivated varieties, the calyx of the white poppy is pounded, and is taken in wine as a soporific; the seed of it is a cure, also, for elephantiasis. The black poppy acts as a soporific, by the juice which exudes from incisions made in the stalk—at the time when the plant is beginning to flower, Diagoras says; but when the blossom has gone off, according to Iollas. This is done at the third hour, in a clear, still, day, or, in other words, when the dew has thoroughly dried upon the poppy. It is recommended to make the incision just beneath the head and calyx of the plant; this being the only kind, in fact, into the head of which the incision is made. This juice, like that of any other plant, is received in wool; or else, if it is in very minute quantities, it is scraped off with the thumb nail just as it is from the lettuce, and so again on the following day, with the portion that has since dried there. If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. In later times, however, the use of it has not been disapproved of—witness the celebrated preparation known as “diacodion.” Lozenges are also made of ground poppy-seed, which are taken in milk as a soporific. The seed is employed, too, with rose-oil for head-ache; and, in combination with that oil, is injected into the ears for ear-ache. Mixed with woman’s milk, this seed is used as a liniment for gout: the leaves, too, are employed in a similar manner. Taken in vinegar, the seed is prescribed as a cure for erysipelas and wounds.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "76", "entry": "THE WHITE POPPY: THREE REMEDIES. THE BLACK POPPY: EIGHT REMEDIES. REMARKS ON SLEEP. OPIUM. REMARKS IN DISFAVOUR OF THE POTIONS KNOWN AS “ANODYNES, FEBRIFUGES, DIGESTIVES, AND CŒLIACS.” IN WHAT WAY THE JUICES OF THESE PLANTS ARE TO BE COLLECTED.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10696, "lineEnd": 10735 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "white poppy", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "white poppy", "start": 207, "end": 218, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "white poppy", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "wine" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "no", "process": "powder", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "a soporific", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the calyx of the white poppy is pounded, and is taken in wine as a soporific", "start": 190, "end": 266, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "white poppy", "start": 207, "end": 218, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a soporific", "start": 255, "end": 266, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the calyx of the white poppy", "start": 190, "end": 218, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "taken in wine", "start": 238, "end": 251, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "is pounded", "start": 219, "end": 229, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "taken in wine", "start": 238, "end": 251, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "is pounded, and is taken in wine", "start": 219, "end": 251, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c076:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c076:001", "text": "We have already stated that there are three varieties of the cultivated poppy, and, on the same occasion, we promised to describe the wild kinds. With reference to the cultivated varieties, the calyx of the white poppy is pounded, and is taken in wine as a soporific; the seed of it is a cure, also, for elephantiasis. The black poppy acts as a soporific, by the juice which exudes from incisions made in the stalk—at the time when the plant is beginning to flower, Diagoras says; but when the blossom has gone off, according to Iollas. This is done at the third hour, in a clear, still, day, or, in other words, when the dew has thoroughly dried upon the poppy. It is recommended to make the incision just beneath the head and calyx of the plant; this being the only kind, in fact, into the head of which the incision is made. This juice, like that of any other plant, is received in wool; or else, if it is in very minute quantities, it is scraped off with the thumb nail just as it is from the lettuce, and so again on the following day, with the portion that has since dried there. If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. In later times, however, the use of it has not been disapproved of—witness the celebrated preparation known as “diacodion.” Lozenges are also made of ground poppy-seed, which are taken in milk as a soporific. The seed is employed, too, with rose-oil for head-ache; and, in combination with that oil, is injected into the ears for ear-ache. Mixed with woman’s milk, this seed is used as a liniment for gout: the leaves, too, are employed in a similar manner. Taken in vinegar, the seed is prescribed as a cure for erysipelas and wounds.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "76", "entry": "THE WHITE POPPY: THREE REMEDIES. THE BLACK POPPY: EIGHT REMEDIES. REMARKS ON SLEEP. OPIUM. 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If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. 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If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. 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If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. 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If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. In later times, however, the use of it has not been disapproved of—witness the celebrated preparation known as “diacodion.” Lozenges are also made of ground poppy-seed, which are taken in milk as a soporific. The seed is employed, too, with rose-oil for head-ache; and, in combination with that oil, is injected into the ears for ear-ache. Mixed with woman’s milk, this seed is used as a liniment for gout: the leaves, too, are employed in a similar manner. Taken in vinegar, the seed is prescribed as a cure for erysipelas and wounds.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "76", "entry": "THE WHITE POPPY: THREE REMEDIES. THE BLACK POPPY: EIGHT REMEDIES. REMARKS ON SLEEP. OPIUM. 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With reference to the cultivated varieties, the calyx of the white poppy is pounded, and is taken in wine as a soporific; the seed of it is a cure, also, for elephantiasis. The black poppy acts as a soporific, by the juice which exudes from incisions made in the stalk—at the time when the plant is beginning to flower, Diagoras says; but when the blossom has gone off, according to Iollas. This is done at the third hour, in a clear, still, day, or, in other words, when the dew has thoroughly dried upon the poppy. It is recommended to make the incision just beneath the head and calyx of the plant; this being the only kind, in fact, into the head of which the incision is made. This juice, like that of any other plant, is received in wool; or else, if it is in very minute quantities, it is scraped off with the thumb nail just as it is from the lettuce, and so again on the following day, with the portion that has since dried there. If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. In later times, however, the use of it has not been disapproved of—witness the celebrated preparation known as “diacodion.” Lozenges are also made of ground poppy-seed, which are taken in milk as a soporific. The seed is employed, too, with rose-oil for head-ache; and, in combination with that oil, is injected into the ears for ear-ache. Mixed with woman’s milk, this seed is used as a liniment for gout: the leaves, too, are employed in a similar manner. Taken in vinegar, the seed is prescribed as a cure for erysipelas and wounds.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "76", "entry": "THE WHITE POPPY: THREE REMEDIES. THE BLACK POPPY: EIGHT REMEDIES. REMARKS ON SLEEP. OPIUM. 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With reference to the cultivated varieties, the calyx of the white poppy is pounded, and is taken in wine as a soporific; the seed of it is a cure, also, for elephantiasis. The black poppy acts as a soporific, by the juice which exudes from incisions made in the stalk—at the time when the plant is beginning to flower, Diagoras says; but when the blossom has gone off, according to Iollas. This is done at the third hour, in a clear, still, day, or, in other words, when the dew has thoroughly dried upon the poppy. It is recommended to make the incision just beneath the head and calyx of the plant; this being the only kind, in fact, into the head of which the incision is made. This juice, like that of any other plant, is received in wool; or else, if it is in very minute quantities, it is scraped off with the thumb nail just as it is from the lettuce, and so again on the following day, with the portion that has since dried there. If obtained from the poppy in sufficiently large quantities, this juice thickens, after which it is kneaded out into lozenges, and dried in the shade. This juice is possessed not only of certain soporific qualities, but, if taken in too large quantities, is productive of sleep unto death even: the name given to it is “opium.” It was in this way, we learn, that the father of P. Licinius Cæcina, a man of Prætorian rank, put an end to his life at Bavilum in Spain, an incurable malady having rendered existence quite intolerable to him. Many other persons, too, have ended their lives in a similar way. It is for this reason that opium has been so strongly exclaimed against by Diagoras and Erasistratus; for they have altogether condemned it as a deadly poison, forbidding it to be used for infusions even, as being injurious to the sight. Andreas says, in addition to this, that the only reason why it does not cause instantaneous blindness, is the fact that they adulterate it at Alexandria. In later times, however, the use of it has not been disapproved of—witness the celebrated preparation known as “diacodion.” Lozenges are also made of ground poppy-seed, which are taken in milk as a soporific. The seed is employed, too, with rose-oil for head-ache; and, in combination with that oil, is injected into the ears for ear-ache. Mixed with woman’s milk, this seed is used as a liniment for gout: the leaves, too, are employed in a similar manner. Taken in vinegar, the seed is prescribed as a cure for erysipelas and wounds.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "76", "entry": "THE WHITE POPPY: THREE REMEDIES. THE BLACK POPPY: EIGHT REMEDIES. REMARKS ON SLEEP. OPIUM. 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Taken in drink and applied to the wound, it is a remedy for the sting of one kind of serpent, known as the amphisbæna: pounded, it is healing also for other wounds, as well as for epinyctis and blisters. Employed in the same state with honey or raisins, it disperses all tumours and gatherings, and, beaten up in vinegar, it removes abscesses of an inflammatory nature. Some persons recommend three grains of it to be taken for tertian fevers, just before the fit comes on, or else in larger quantities, to be bruised and applied to the forehead. 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There are others, again, who think that it is attended with excellent results, to put coriander under the pillow before sunrise.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "82", "entry": "CORIANDER: TWENTY-ONE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10923, "lineEnd": 10934 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "coriander", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "coriander", "start": 17, "end": 26, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "coriander", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "cold", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "poultice", "indicationAsWritten": "tertian fevers", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Some persons recommend three grains of it to be taken for tertian fevers, just before the fit comes on, or else in larger quantities, to be bruised and applied to the forehead", "start": 462, "end": 637, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "coriander", "start": 17, "end": 26, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "tertian fevers", "start": 520, "end": 534, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "to be bruised and applied", "start": 596, "end": 621, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "to be bruised and applied", "start": 596, "end": 621, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "bruised and applied to the forehead", "start": 602, "end": 637, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "bruised and applied to the forehead", "start": 602, "end": 637, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c082:002#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c082:002", "text": "While green, it is possessed of very cooling and refreshing properties. Combined with honey or raisins, it is an excellent remedy for spreading ulcers, as also for diseases of the testes, burns, carbuncles, and maladies of the ears. Applied with woman’s milk, it is good for defluxions of the eyes; and for fluxes of the belly and intestines, the seed is taken with water in drink; it is also taken in drink for cholera, with rue. Coriander seed, used as a potion with pomegranate juice and oil, expels worms in the intestines.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "82", "entry": "CORIANDER: TWENTY-ONE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10936, "lineEnd": 10943 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "Coriander", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Coriander", "start": 431, "end": 440, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "pomegranate", "part": "juice", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "pomegranate", "start": 469, "end": 480, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "Coriander", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "oil" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "expels worms in the intestines", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Coriander seed, used as a potion with pomegranate juice and oil, expels worms in the intestines", "start": 431, "end": 526, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "Coriander", "start": 431, "end": 440, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "expels worms in the intestines", "start": 496, "end": 526, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Coriander seed", "start": 431, "end": 445, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "pomegranate juice and oil", "start": 469, "end": 494, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "used as a potion", "start": 447, "end": 463, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b20:c082:003#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b20:c082:003", "text": "Xenocrates states a very marvellous fact, if true; he says, that if a woman takes one grain of this seed, the menstrual discharge will be retarded one day, if two grains, two days, and so on, according to the number of grains taken. Marcus Varro is of opinion, that if coriander is lightly pounded, and sprinkled over it with cummin and vinegar, all kinds of meat may be kept in summer without spoiling.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 20, "chapter": "82", "entry": "CORIANDER: TWENTY-ONE REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10945, "lineEnd": 10950 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "coriander", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "coriander", "start": 269, "end": 278, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "coriander", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "the menstrual discharge will be retarded one day", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "if a woman takes one grain of this seed, the menstrual discharge will be retarded one day", "start": 65, "end": 154, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "coriander", "start": 269, "end": 278, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "the menstrual discharge will be retarded one day", "start": 106, "end": 154, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "one grain of this seed", "start": 82, "end": 104, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:001", "text": "Other authors, again, have erroneously taken the glycyrrhiza to be a kind of eryngium: it will, therefore, be as well to take this opportunity of making some further mention of it. There can be no doubt, however, that this is one of the thorny plants, the leaves of it being covered with prickles, substantial, and viscous and gummy to the touch: it has much the appearance of a shrub, is a couple of cubits in height, and bears a flower like that of the hyacinth, and a fruit the size of the little round balls of the plane. The best kind is that grown in Cilicia, and the next best that of Pontus; the root of it is sweet, and this is the only part that is used. It is gathered at the setting of the Vergiliæ, the root of it being long, like that of the vine. That which is yellow, the colour of boxwood in fact, is superior to the darker kind, and the flexible is better than the brittle. Boiled down to one-third, it is employed for pessaries; but, for general purposes, a decoction is made of it of the consistency of honey. Sometimes, also, it is used pounded, and it is in this form that it is applied as a liniment for wounds and all affections of the throat. The juice of it is also very good for the voice, for which purpose it is thickened and then placed beneath the tongue: it is good, too, for the chest and liver.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 22, "chapter": "11", "entry": "THE GLYCYRRHIZA OR ADIPSOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 14806, "lineEnd": 14825 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "glycyrrhiza", "part": "root", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "glycyrrhiza", "start": 49, "end": 60, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "glycyrrhiza", "part": "root", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "not_applicable", "process": "other", "form": "ointment", "indicationAsWritten": "wounds and all affections of the throat", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85, "filtered": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Sometimes, also, it is used pounded, and it is in this form that it is applied as a liniment for wounds and all affections of the throat", "start": 1030, "end": 1166, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "glycyrrhiza", "start": 49, "end": 60, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wounds and all affections of the throat", "start": 1127, "end": 1166, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "the root of it is sweet, and this is the only part that is used", "start": 600, "end": 663, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "it is used pounded", "start": 1047, "end": 1065, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "applied as a liniment", "start": 1101, "end": 1122, "inHeading": false } ], "filtered": [ { "quote": "applied as a liniment", "start": 1101, "end": 1122, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:001#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:001", "text": "Other authors, again, have erroneously taken the glycyrrhiza to be a kind of eryngium: it will, therefore, be as well to take this opportunity of making some further mention of it. There can be no doubt, however, that this is one of the thorny plants, the leaves of it being covered with prickles, substantial, and viscous and gummy to the touch: it has much the appearance of a shrub, is a couple of cubits in height, and bears a flower like that of the hyacinth, and a fruit the size of the little round balls of the plane. The best kind is that grown in Cilicia, and the next best that of Pontus; the root of it is sweet, and this is the only part that is used. It is gathered at the setting of the Vergiliæ, the root of it being long, like that of the vine. That which is yellow, the colour of boxwood in fact, is superior to the darker kind, and the flexible is better than the brittle. Boiled down to one-third, it is employed for pessaries; but, for general purposes, a decoction is made of it of the consistency of honey. Sometimes, also, it is used pounded, and it is in this form that it is applied as a liniment for wounds and all affections of the throat. The juice of it is also very good for the voice, for which purpose it is thickened and then placed beneath the tongue: it is good, too, for the chest and liver.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 22, "chapter": "11", "entry": "THE GLYCYRRHIZA OR ADIPSOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 14806, "lineEnd": 14825 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "glycyrrhiza", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "glycyrrhiza", "start": 49, "end": 60, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "glycyrrhiza", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "very good for the voice, for which purpose it is thickened and then placed beneath the tongue: it is good, too, for the chest and liver", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice of it is also very good for the voice, for which purpose it is thickened and then placed beneath the tongue: it is good, too, for the chest and liver", "start": 1168, "end": 1327, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "glycyrrhiza", "start": 49, "end": 60, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "very good for the voice, for which purpose it is thickened and then placed beneath the tongue: it is good, too, for the chest and liver", "start": 1192, "end": 1327, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice of it", "start": 1168, "end": 1183, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "it is thickened", "start": 1235, "end": 1250, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "placed beneath the tongue", "start": 1260, "end": 1285, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [ { "field": "part", "from": "juice", "to": "root", "reason": "Liquorice 'juice' is the boiled, concentrated root extract (Spanish juice), not a fresh pressed juice", "evidence": "Bostock & Riley footnote 2511, anchored to 'The juice' in this passage: 'The same preparation that is known to us as Spanish liquorice or Spanish juice.' Same passage: 'the root of it is sweet, and this is the only part that is used.'", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "solvent", "from": "unknown", "to": "water", "reason": "same", "evidence": "Culpeper 1850 Dispensatory, Succus Glycyrrhizæ simplex (culpeper-1850:dispensatory:s040-rob-or-sapa-and-juices:027): 'Infuse Liquorice Roots cleansed and gently bruised, three days in Spring Water ... then boil it a little, and press it hard out, and boil the liquor with a gentle fire to its due thickness.'", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "heat", "from": "unknown", "to": "boiled", "reason": "same", "evidence": "Same Dispensatory recipe ('then boil it a little ... boil the liquor with a gentle fire to its due thickness'); this passage: 'it is thickened'.", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "process", "from": "other", "to": "decoction", "reason": "same", "evidence": "Same Dispensatory recipe (root boiled in water, liquor boiled down).", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" }, { "field": "filtered", "from": "unknown", "to": "yes", "reason": "same", "evidence": "Same Dispensatory recipe ('press it hard out').", "requestedBy": "project lead", "appliedBy": "Claude via Claude Code session", "date": "2026-11-06" } ] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002", "text": "We have already stated that this plant has the effect of allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst. It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. Chewed, and applied to wounds, it arrests hæmorrhage: some authors have asserted, also, that it expels calculi of the bladder.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 22, "chapter": "11", "entry": "THE GLYCYRRHIZA OR ADIPSOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 14827, "lineEnd": 14838 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "this plant has the effect of allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst", "start": 28, "end": 214, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst", "start": 57, "end": 214, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002", "text": "We have already stated that this plant has the effect of allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst. It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. Chewed, and applied to wounds, it arrests hæmorrhage: some authors have asserted, also, that it expels calculi of the bladder.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 22, "chapter": "11", "entry": "THE GLYCYRRHIZA OR ADIPSOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 14827, "lineEnd": 14838 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "a stomatic", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic", "start": 216, "end": 275, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a stomatic", "start": 265, "end": 275, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "it is chewed", "start": 249, "end": 261, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002#r02", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v4", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b22:c011:002", "text": "We have already stated that this plant has the effect of allaying hunger and thirst: hence it is that some authors have given it the name of “adipsos,” and have prescribed it for dropsical patients, to allay thirst. It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. 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It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. 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It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. 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It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. 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It is for this reason, too, that it is chewed as a stomatic, and that the powder of it is often sprinkled on ulcerous sores of the mouth and films on the eyes: it heals, too, excrescences of the bladder, pains in the kidneys, condylomata, and ulcerous sores of the genitals. Some persons have given it in potions for quartan fevers, the doses being two drachmæ, mixed with pepper in one hemina of water. Chewed, and applied to wounds, it arrests hæmorrhage: some authors have asserted, also, that it expels calculi of the bladder.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 22, "chapter": "11", "entry": "THE GLYCYRRHIZA OR ADIPSOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 14827, "lineEnd": 14838 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "adipsos", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "expels calculi of the bladder", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "some authors have asserted, also, that it expels calculi of the bladder", "start": 674, "end": 745, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "adipsos", "start": 142, "end": 149, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "expels calculi of the bladder", "start": 716, "end": 745, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:001#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:001", "text": "The chamæpitys, called in Latin “abiga,” because it promotes abortion, and known to some as “incense of the earth,” has branches a cubit in length, and the odour and blossoms of the pine. Another variety of it, which is somewhat shorter, has all the appearance of being bent downwards; and there is a third, which, though it has a similar smell, and consequently the same name, is altogether smaller, with a stem the thickness of one’s finger, and a diminutive, rough, pale leaf: it is found growing in rocky localities. All these varieties are in reality herbaceous productions; but in consequence of the resemblance of the name, I have thought it as well not to defer the consideration of them.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "20", "entry": "THE CHAMÆPITYS: TEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2107, "lineEnd": 2117 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chamæpitys", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chamæpitys", "start": 4, "end": 14, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chamæpitys", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "promotes abortion", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The chamæpitys, called in Latin “abiga,” because it promotes abortion", "start": 0, "end": 69, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chamæpitys", "start": 4, "end": 14, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "promotes abortion", "start": 52, "end": 69, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002", "text": "These plants are good for stings inflicted by scorpions, and are useful as an application, mixed with dates or quinces, for maladies of the liver: a decoction of them with barley-meal is used for the kidneys and the bladder. A decoction of them in water is used also for jaundice and for strangury. The kind last mentioned, in combination with honey, is good for wounds inflicted by serpents, and a pessary is made of it, with honey, as a detergent for the uterus. Taken in drink it brings away coagulated blood, and rubbed upon the body it acts as a sudorific: it is particularly useful also for the kidneys. Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs. Taken in wine, in doses of one victoriatus, it dispels lumbago, and cures coughs that are not of an inveterate description. A decoction of it in vinegar, taken in drink, will instantaneously bring away the dead fœtus, it is said.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "20", "entry": "THE CHAMÆPITYS: TEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2119, "lineEnd": 2132 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CHAMÆPITYS", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CHAMÆPITYS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CHAMÆPITYS", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "stings inflicted by scorpions", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "These plants are good for stings inflicted by scorpions", "start": 0, "end": 55, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CHAMÆPITYS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "stings inflicted by scorpions", "start": 26, "end": 55, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002", "text": "These plants are good for stings inflicted by scorpions, and are useful as an application, mixed with dates or quinces, for maladies of the liver: a decoction of them with barley-meal is used for the kidneys and the bladder. A decoction of them in water is used also for jaundice and for strangury. The kind last mentioned, in combination with honey, is good for wounds inflicted by serpents, and a pessary is made of it, with honey, as a detergent for the uterus. Taken in drink it brings away coagulated blood, and rubbed upon the body it acts as a sudorific: it is particularly useful also for the kidneys. Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs. Taken in wine, in doses of one victoriatus, it dispels lumbago, and cures coughs that are not of an inveterate description. 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A decoction of them in water is used also for jaundice and for strangury. The kind last mentioned, in combination with honey, is good for wounds inflicted by serpents, and a pessary is made of it, with honey, as a detergent for the uterus. Taken in drink it brings away coagulated blood, and rubbed upon the body it acts as a sudorific: it is particularly useful also for the kidneys. Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs. Taken in wine, in doses of one victoriatus, it dispels lumbago, and cures coughs that are not of an inveterate description. A decoction of it in vinegar, taken in drink, will instantaneously bring away the dead fœtus, it is said.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "20", "entry": "THE CHAMÆPITYS: TEN REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 2119, "lineEnd": 2132 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "CHAMÆPITYS", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "CHAMÆPITYS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "figs", "part": "fruit", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "figs", "start": 670, "end": 674, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "CHAMÆPITYS", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "other", "indicationAsWritten": "dropsy", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs", "start": 610, "end": 674, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "CHAMÆPITYS", "start": -1, "end": -1, "inHeading": true } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "dropsy", "start": 657, "end": 663, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "Pills of a purgative nature", "start": 610, "end": 637, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002#r11", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b24:c020:002", "text": "These plants are good for stings inflicted by scorpions, and are useful as an application, mixed with dates or quinces, for maladies of the liver: a decoction of them with barley-meal is used for the kidneys and the bladder. A decoction of them in water is used also for jaundice and for strangury. The kind last mentioned, in combination with honey, is good for wounds inflicted by serpents, and a pessary is made of it, with honey, as a detergent for the uterus. Taken in drink it brings away coagulated blood, and rubbed upon the body it acts as a sudorific: it is particularly useful also for the kidneys. Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs. Taken in wine, in doses of one victoriatus, it dispels lumbago, and cures coughs that are not of an inveterate description. 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A decoction of them in water is used also for jaundice and for strangury. The kind last mentioned, in combination with honey, is good for wounds inflicted by serpents, and a pessary is made of it, with honey, as a detergent for the uterus. Taken in drink it brings away coagulated blood, and rubbed upon the body it acts as a sudorific: it is particularly useful also for the kidneys. Pills of a purgative nature are made of it for dropsy, with figs. Taken in wine, in doses of one victoriatus, it dispels lumbago, and cures coughs that are not of an inveterate description. 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A chaplet made of this plant has the effect of relieving headache.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "116", "entry": "THE PHILANTHROPOS: ONE REMEDY. 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Taken out of the ground without the aid of iron, and thrown into their wash, or given to them in wine and milk, it cures diseases in swine. Some persons add, however, that the person, as he takes it up, must say—“This is the plant argemon, a remedy discovered by Minerva for such swine as shall taste thereof.”", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "116", "entry": "THE PHILANTHROPOS: ONE REMEDY. 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Taken out of the ground without the aid of iron, and thrown into their wash, or given to them in wine and milk, it cures diseases in swine. Some persons add, however, that the person, as he takes it up, must say—“This is the plant argemon, a remedy discovered by Minerva for such swine as shall taste thereof.”", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "116", "entry": "THE PHILANTHROPOS: ONE REMEDY. 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Taken out of the ground without the aid of iron, and thrown into their wash, or given to them in wine and milk, it cures diseases in swine. Some persons add, however, that the person, as he takes it up, must say—“This is the plant argemon, a remedy discovered by Minerva for such swine as shall taste thereof.”", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 24, "chapter": "116", "entry": "THE PHILANTHROPOS: ONE REMEDY. 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The juice is extracted while they are in flower, and is boiled gently in a copper vessel on hot ashes, with Attic honey, being esteemed a sovereign remedy for films upon the eyes. This juice is employed also, unmixed with any other substance, for the eyesalves, which from it take their name of “chelidonia.”", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 25, "chapter": "50", "entry": "PLANTS WHICH HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED BY CERTAIN ANIMALS. CHELIDONIA: SIX REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 5826, "lineEnd": 5832 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "chelidonia", "part": "juice", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "chelidonia", "start": 404, "end": 414, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "chelidonia", "part": "juice", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "honey" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "boiled gently in a copper vessel on hot ashes", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "other", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "films upon the eyes", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The juice is extracted while they are in flower, and is boiled gently in a copper vessel on hot ashes, with Attic honey, being esteemed a sovereign remedy for films upon the eyes", "start": 108, "end": 286, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "chelidonia", "start": 404, "end": 414, "inHeading": false } ], "heatText": [ { "quote": "boiled gently in a copper vessel on hot ashes", "start": 164, "end": 209, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "films upon the eyes", "start": 267, "end": 286, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "The juice is extracted", "start": 108, "end": 130, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "with Attic honey", "start": 211, "end": 227, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "boiled gently in a copper vessel on hot ashes", "start": 164, "end": 209, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "The juice is extracted while they are in flower", "start": 108, "end": 155, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002", "text": "This plant is very strengthening to the stomach, and hence it is that wines are flavoured with it, as already stated. A decoction of it in water is also taken, the following being the method employed in preparing it. Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches, in three sextarii of rain water, and the preparation is then left to cool in the open air a day and a night. Salt, too, should be added to it. When old, it is utterly useless. A dilution of wormwood steeped in water is also used, such being the name given to this method of preparing it. This dilution is made by leaving the vessel covered up for three days, any kind of water being used. Pounded wormwood is but rarely employed, and the same with the extracted juice of the seed. In cases, however, where it is extracted, the seed is subjected to pressure as soon as it begins to swell, after which it is soaked for three days in water, if used fresh, and seven, if dry. It is then boiled in a copper vessel, in the proportion of ten heminæ to forty-five sextarii of water, after which it is strained off and boiled gently to the consistency of honey, in the same way as the juice is extracted from the smaller centaury. The juice, however, of wormwood, thus extracted, is bad for the head and stomach; whereas the decoction, on the other hand, is wholesome in the highest degree, as it acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines. With the addition of sile, Gallic nard, and a little vinegar, it dispels nausea and flatulency, and expels intestinal worms. It removes qualmishness, promotes the digestion, and, with the addition of rue, pepper, and salt, disperses crudities of the stomach.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "28", "entry": "ABSINTHIUM OR WORMWOOD; FOUR VARIETIES: FORTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10275, "lineEnd": 10300 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "single_plant", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "unknown", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "unknown", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "unknown" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "very strengthening to the stomach", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": {}, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "This plant is very strengthening to the stomach, and hence it is that wines are flavoured with it", "start": 0, "end": 97, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "very strengthening to the stomach", "start": 14, "end": 47, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": false, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002", "text": "This plant is very strengthening to the stomach, and hence it is that wines are flavoured with it, as already stated. A decoction of it in water is also taken, the following being the method employed in preparing it. Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches, in three sextarii of rain water, and the preparation is then left to cool in the open air a day and a night. Salt, too, should be added to it. When old, it is utterly useless. A dilution of wormwood steeped in water is also used, such being the name given to this method of preparing it. This dilution is made by leaving the vessel covered up for three days, any kind of water being used. Pounded wormwood is but rarely employed, and the same with the extracted juice of the seed. In cases, however, where it is extracted, the seed is subjected to pressure as soon as it begins to swell, after which it is soaked for three days in water, if used fresh, and seven, if dry. It is then boiled in a copper vessel, in the proportion of ten heminæ to forty-five sextarii of water, after which it is strained off and boiled gently to the consistency of honey, in the same way as the juice is extracted from the smaller centaury. The juice, however, of wormwood, thus extracted, is bad for the head and stomach; whereas the decoction, on the other hand, is wholesome in the highest degree, as it acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines. With the addition of sile, Gallic nard, and a little vinegar, it dispels nausea and flatulency, and expels intestinal worms. It removes qualmishness, promotes the digestion, and, with the addition of rue, pepper, and salt, disperses crudities of the stomach.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "28", "entry": "ABSINTHIUM OR WORMWOOD; FOUR VARIETIES: FORTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10275, "lineEnd": 10300 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "Salt", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "Salt", "start": 383, "end": 387, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "a day and a night", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "drink", "indicationAsWritten": "acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85, "form": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "the decoction, on the other hand, is wholesome in the highest degree, as it acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines", "start": 1286, "end": 1515, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ], "durationText": [ { "quote": "a day and a night", "start": 364, "end": 381, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines", "start": 1362, "end": 1515, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches", "start": 217, "end": 272, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in three sextarii of rain water", "start": 274, "end": 305, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled", "start": 217, "end": 253, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A decoction of it in water", "start": 118, "end": 144, "inHeading": false } ], "form": [ { "quote": "A decoction of it in water is also taken", "start": 118, "end": 158, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002#r02", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:002", "text": "This plant is very strengthening to the stomach, and hence it is that wines are flavoured with it, as already stated. A decoction of it in water is also taken, the following being the method employed in preparing it. Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches, in three sextarii of rain water, and the preparation is then left to cool in the open air a day and a night. Salt, too, should be added to it. When old, it is utterly useless. A dilution of wormwood steeped in water is also used, such being the name given to this method of preparing it. This dilution is made by leaving the vessel covered up for three days, any kind of water being used. Pounded wormwood is but rarely employed, and the same with the extracted juice of the seed. In cases, however, where it is extracted, the seed is subjected to pressure as soon as it begins to swell, after which it is soaked for three days in water, if used fresh, and seven, if dry. 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A decoction of it in water is also taken, the following being the method employed in preparing it. Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches, in three sextarii of rain water, and the preparation is then left to cool in the open air a day and a night. Salt, too, should be added to it. When old, it is utterly useless. A dilution of wormwood steeped in water is also used, such being the name given to this method of preparing it. This dilution is made by leaving the vessel covered up for three days, any kind of water being used. Pounded wormwood is but rarely employed, and the same with the extracted juice of the seed. In cases, however, where it is extracted, the seed is subjected to pressure as soon as it begins to swell, after which it is soaked for three days in water, if used fresh, and seven, if dry. It is then boiled in a copper vessel, in the proportion of ten heminæ to forty-five sextarii of water, after which it is strained off and boiled gently to the consistency of honey, in the same way as the juice is extracted from the smaller centaury. The juice, however, of wormwood, thus extracted, is bad for the head and stomach; whereas the decoction, on the other hand, is wholesome in the highest degree, as it acts astringently upon the stomach, carries off bile, is a powerful diuretic, has a soothing effect upon the bowels, and assuages pains in the intestines. With the addition of sile, Gallic nard, and a little vinegar, it dispels nausea and flatulency, and expels intestinal worms. It removes qualmishness, promotes the digestion, and, with the addition of rue, pepper, and salt, disperses crudities of the stomach.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "28", "entry": "ABSINTHIUM OR WORMWOOD; FOUR VARIETIES: FORTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10275, "lineEnd": 10300 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "other", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "rue", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "rue", "start": 1717, "end": 1720, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "pepper", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "pepper", "start": 1722, "end": 1728, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "salt", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "salt", "start": 1734, "end": 1738, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "other", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water" ], "heat": "boiled", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "decoction", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "disperses crudities of the stomach", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85, "heat": 0.85, "process": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "with the addition of rue, pepper, and salt, disperses crudities of the stomach", "start": 1696, "end": 1774, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 464, "end": 472, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "disperses crudities of the stomach", "start": 1740, "end": 1774, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled, with the branches", "start": 217, "end": 272, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in three sextarii of rain water", "start": 274, "end": 305, "inHeading": false } ], "heat": [ { "quote": "Six drachmæ of the leaves are boiled", "start": 217, "end": 253, "inHeading": false } ], "process": [ { "quote": "A decoction of it in water", "start": 118, "end": 144, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:003#r00", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:003", "text": "The ancients were in the habit of giving wormwood as a purgative, the dose being six drachmæ of the seed with three of salt and one cyathus of honey, in one sextarius of sea water kept for some time. This preparation, however, is rendered more efficacious by doubling the proportion of salt; the seed, too, must be bruised with the greatest care, as there is considerable difficulty in pounding it. Some authorities have prescribed the dose above mentioned to be given in polenta, with the addition of pennyroyal; while others recommend the leaves to be given to children in a dried fig, to disguise their bitterness. Taken with iris, wormwood acts as a detergent upon the thoracic organs: for jaundice it is used raw, with parsley or adiantum. In cases of flatulency, it is sipped every now and then, warmed in water; for liver complaints it is taken with Gallic nard, and for diseases of the spleen, with vinegar, pap, or figs. Taken in vinegar it neutralizes the bad effects of fungi and of viscus: in wine it is an antidote to the poison of hemlock, and to the bite of the shrew-mouse, and is curative of wounds inflicted by the sea-dragon and the scorpion. It contributes also very greatly to the improvement of the sight, and is used as an external application, with raisin wine, for defluxions of the eyes, and with honey, for bruises.", "location": { "part": "body", "book": 27, "chapter": "28", "entry": "ABSINTHIUM OR WORMWOOD; FOUR VARIETIES: FORTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.", "subsection": null, "lineStart": 10302, "lineEnd": 10322 }, "translation": null, "translationSource": null }, "recipeType": "compound", "ingredients": [ { "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "seed", "role": "principal", "kind": "plant", "evidence": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 41, "end": 49, "inHeading": false } ] }, { "plantNameAsWritten": "salt", "part": "unknown", "role": "co_ingredient", "kind": "mineral", "evidence": [ { "quote": "salt", "start": 119, "end": 123, "inHeading": false } ] } ], "plantNameAsWritten": "wormwood", "part": "seed", "freshOrDried": "unknown", "solvent": [ "water", "honey" ], "heat": "unknown", "heatText": "unknown", "durationText": "unknown", "filtered": "unknown", "process": "unknown", "form": "unknown", "indicationAsWritten": "a purgative", "indicationNormalized": null, "fieldConfidence": { "part": 0.85, "solvent": 0.85 }, "evidence": { "recipe": [ { "quote": "The ancients were in the habit of giving wormwood as a purgative, the dose being six drachmæ of the seed with three of salt and one cyathus of honey, in one sextarius of sea water kept for some time", "start": 0, "end": 198, "inHeading": false } ], "plantNameAsWritten": [ { "quote": "wormwood", "start": 41, "end": 49, "inHeading": false } ], "indicationAsWritten": [ { "quote": "a purgative", "start": 53, "end": 64, "inHeading": false } ], "part": [ { "quote": "six drachmæ of the seed", "start": 81, "end": 104, "inHeading": false } ], "solvent": [ { "quote": "in one sextarius of sea water", "start": 150, "end": 179, "inHeading": false }, { "quote": "one cyathus of honey", "start": 128, "end": 148, "inHeading": false } ] }, "attributionCaveat": null, "excludedFromHeadline": true, "provenance": { "method": "llm", "provider": "Claude via Claude Code session", "model": "claude-opus-5-5", "modelVersion": "claude-opus-5-5", "decoding": { "mode": "written directly by the model in an interactive Claude Code session, following the prompt; no API call, no sampling parameters; one attempt per passage, no retries", "writtenOn": "2026-11-06" }, "promptVersion": "m1_extract/v3:13ca4093ec", "annotator": null, "createdAt": "2026-11-06T10:56:12+00:00" }, "corrections": [] }, { "mock": false, "id": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:003#r01", "sourceId": "pliny-nh-bohn-v5", "passage": { "passageId": "pliny-nh:b27:c028:003", "text": "The ancients were in the habit of giving wormwood as a purgative, the dose being six drachmæ of the seed with three of salt and one cyathus of honey, in one sextarius of sea water kept for some time. This preparation, however, is rendered more efficacious by doubling the proportion of salt; the seed, too, must be bruised with the greatest care, as there is considerable difficulty in pounding it. Some authorities have prescribed the dose above mentioned to be given in polenta, with the addition of pennyroyal; while others recommend the leaves to be given to children in a dried fig, to disguise their bitterness. Taken with iris, wormwood acts as a detergent upon the thoracic organs: for jaundice it is used raw, with parsley or adiantum. In cases of flatulency, it is sipped every now and then, warmed in water; for liver complaints it is taken with Gallic nard, and for diseases of the spleen, with vinegar, pap, or figs. Taken in vinegar it neutralizes the bad effects of fungi and of viscus: in wine it is an antidote to the poison of hemlock, and to the bite of the shrew-mouse, and is curative of wounds inflicted by the sea-dragon and the scorpion. 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This preparation, however, is rendered more efficacious by doubling the proportion of salt; the seed, too, must be bruised with the greatest care, as there is considerable difficulty in pounding it. Some authorities have prescribed the dose above mentioned to be given in polenta, with the addition of pennyroyal; while others recommend the leaves to be given to children in a dried fig, to disguise their bitterness. Taken with iris, wormwood acts as a detergent upon the thoracic organs: for jaundice it is used raw, with parsley or adiantum. In cases of flatulency, it is sipped every now and then, warmed in water; for liver complaints it is taken with Gallic nard, and for diseases of the spleen, with vinegar, pap, or figs. Taken in vinegar it neutralizes the bad effects of fungi and of viscus: in wine it is an antidote to the poison of hemlock, and to the bite of the shrew-mouse, and is curative of wounds inflicted by the sea-dragon and the scorpion. 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This preparation, however, is rendered more efficacious by doubling the proportion of salt; the seed, too, must be bruised with the greatest care, as there is considerable difficulty in pounding it. Some authorities have prescribed the dose above mentioned to be given in polenta, with the addition of pennyroyal; while others recommend the leaves to be given to children in a dried fig, to disguise their bitterness. Taken with iris, wormwood acts as a detergent upon the thoracic organs: for jaundice it is used raw, with parsley or adiantum. In cases of flatulency, it is sipped every now and then, warmed in water; for liver complaints it is taken with Gallic nard, and for diseases of the spleen, with vinegar, pap, or figs. Taken in vinegar it neutralizes the bad effects of fungi and of viscus: in wine it is an antidote to the poison of hemlock, and to the bite of the shrew-mouse, and is curative of wounds inflicted by the sea-dragon and the scorpion. 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